|
Alfieri, M.A., Pomerleau, J., Grace, D.M., and Anderson, L. (1995). Fiber intake of normal weight, moderately obese and severely obese subjects. Obes Res 3, 541-547. Arora, T., and Sharma, R. (2011). Fermentation potential of the gut microbiome: implications for energy homeostasis and weight management. Nutr Rev 69, 99-106. Asahara, T., Nomoto, K., Shimizu, K., Watanuki, M., and Tanaka, R. (2001). Increased resistance of mice to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection by synbiotic administration of Bifidobacteria and transgalactosylated oligosaccharides. J Appl Microbiol 91, 985-996. Backhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L.V., Koh, G.Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C.F., and Gordon, J.I. (2004a). The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 15718-15723. Backhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L.V., Koh, G.Y., Nagy, A., Semenkovich, C.F., and Gordon, J.I. (2004b). The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. P Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 15718-15723. Backhed, F., Ley, R.E., Sonnenburg, J.L., Peterson, D.A., and Gordon, J.I. (2005). Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science 307, 1915-1920. Backhed, F., Manchester, J.K., Semenkovich, C.F., and Gordon, J.I. (2007). Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 979-984. Bae, I.Y., Lee, S., Kim, S.M., and Lee, H.G. (2009). Effect of partially hydrolyzed oat beta-glucan on the weight gain and lipid profile of mice. Food Hydrocolloid 23, 2016-2021. Behall, K.M., Scholfield, D.J., and Hallfrisch, J. (2004). Diets containing barley significantly reduce lipids in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80, 1185-1193. Beisiegel, U. (1996). New aspects on the role of plasma lipases in lipoprotein catabolism and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 124, 1-8. Bergman, A., and Ohman, G. (1980). Effect of detergent on kinetic Jaffe-method assay of creatinine. Clinical chemistry 26, 1729-1732. Bergman, E.N. (1990a). Energy contribution of volatile fatty-acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. . Physiol Rev 70, 567-590. Bergman, E.N. (1990b). Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiol Rev 70, 567-590. Bergo, M., Olivecrona, G., and Olivecrona, T. (1996). Forms of lipoprotein lipase in rat tissues: in adipose tissue the proportion of inactive lipase increases on fasting. Biochem J 313 ( Pt 3), 893-898. Bieber, L.L., Abraham, T., and Helmrath, T. (1972). A rapid spectrophotometric assay for carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Analytical Biochemistry 50, 509-518. Braaten, J.T., Wood, P.J., Scott, F.W., Wolynetz, M.S., Lowe, M.K., Bradley-White, P., and Collins, M.W. (1994). Oat beta-glucan reduces blood cholesterol concentration in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 48, 465-474. Bridges, S.R., Anderson, J.W., Deakins, D.A., Dillon, D.W., and Wood, C.L. (1992). Oat bran increases serum acetate of hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 56, 455-459. Brown, A.J., Goldsworthy, S.M., Barnes, A.A., Eilert, M.M., Tcheang, L., Daniels, D., Muir, A.I., Wigglesworth, M.J., Kinghorn, I., Fraser, N.J., et al. (2003). The orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 278, 11312-11319. Brown, L., Rosner, B., Willett, W.W., and Sacks, F.M. (1999). Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 30-42. Bucolo, G., and David, H. (1973). Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides by the use of enzymes. Clin Chem 19, 476-482. Burkus, Z., and Temelli, F. (1998). Effect of extraction conditions on yield, composition, and viscosity stability of barley beta-glucan gum. Cereal Chemistry 75, 805-809. Campbell, J.M., Fahey, G.C., Jr., and Wolf, B.W. (1997). Selected indigestible oligosaccharides affect large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short-chain fatty acids, pH and microflora in rats. J Nutr 127, 130-136. Cani, P.D., and Delzenne, N.M. (2009). The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic disease. Curr Pharm Des 15, 1546-1558. Cani, P.D., Dewever, C., and Delzenne, N.M. (2004). Inulin-type fructans modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in appetite regulation (glucagon-like peptide-1 and ghrelin) in rats. Br J Nutr 92, 521-526. Chacko, A., and Cummings, J.H. (1988). Nitrogen losses from the human small bowel: obligatory losses and the effect of physical form of food. Gut 29, 809-815. Choi, J.S., Kim, H., Jung, M.H., Hong, S., and Song, J. (2010). Consumption of barley beta-glucan ameliorates fatty liver and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 54, 1004-1013. Claud, E.C., and Walker, W.A. (2008). Bacterial colonization, probiotics, and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 42 Suppl 2, S46-52. Cook, S.I., and Sellin, J.H. (1998). Review article: short chain fatty acids in health and disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12, 499-507. Cuche, G., Cuber, J.C., and Malbert, C.H. (2000). Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway. Am J Physiol-Gastr L 279, G925-G930. Cummings, J.H., and Macfarlane, G.T. (1991). The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol 70, 443-459. Cummings, J.H., and Macfarlane, G.T. (2002). Gastrointestinal effects of prebiotics. Br J Nutr 87 Suppl 2, S145-151. Daubioul, C., Rousseau, N., Demeure, R., Gallez, B., Taper, H., Declerck, B., and Delzenne, N. (2002). Dietary fructans, but not cellulose, decrease triglyceride accumulation in the liver of obese Zucker fa/fa rats. J Nutr 132, 967-973. Daubioul, C.A., Taper, H.S., De Wispelaere, L.D., and Delzenne, N.M. (2000). Dietary oligofructose lessens hepatic steatosis, but does not prevent hypertriglyceridemia in obese zucker rats. J Nutr 130, 1314-1319. de, G.A., Luyken, R., and Pikaar, N.A. (1963). Cholesterol-lowering effect of rolled oats. Lancet 2, 303-304. de Vrese, M., and Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 111, 1-66. Delzenne, N.M., Daubioul, C., Neyrinck, A., Lasa, M., and Taper, H.S. (2002a). Inulin and oligofructose modulate lipid metabolism in animals: review of biochemical events and future prospects. Brit J Nutr 87, S255-S259. Delzenne, N.M., Daubioul, C., Neyrinck, A., Lasa, M., and Taper, H.S. (2002b). Inulin and oligofructose modulate lipid metabolism in animals: review of biochemical events and future prospects. Br J Nutr 87 Suppl 2, S255-259. Delzenne, N.M., and Williams, C.M. (2002). Prebiotics and lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 13, 61-67. DiBaise, J.K., Zhang, H., Crowell, M.D., Krajmalnik-Brown, R., Decker, G.A., and Rittmann, B.E. (2008). Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity. Mayo Clin Proc 83, 460-469. Drozdowski, L.A., Reimer, R.A., Temelli, F., Bell, R.C., Vasanthan, T., and Thomson, A.B. (2010). Beta-glucan extracts inhibit the in vitro intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol and down-regulate genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid transport in rats. J Nutr Biochem 21, 695-701. du Toit, M., Franz, C.M.A.P., Dicks, L.M.T., Schillinger, U., Haberer, P., Warlies, B., Ahrens, F., and Holzapfel, W.H. (1998). Characterisation and selection of probiotic lactobacilli for a preliminary minipig feeding trial and their effect on serum cholesterol levels, faeces pH and faeces moisture content. International Journal of Food Microbiology 40, 93-104. Duncan, S.H., Lobley, G.E., Holtrop, G., Ince, J., Johnstone, A.M., Louis, P., and Flint, H.J. (2008). Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 32, 1720-1724. Eckburg, P.B., Bik, E.M., Bernstein, C.N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S.R., Nelson, K.E., and Relman, D.A. (2005). Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science 308, 1635-1638. Eckel, R.H. (1989). Lipoprotein lipase. A multifunctional enzyme relevant to common metabolic diseases. N Engl J Med 320, 1060-1068. Ellegard, L., and Andersson, H. (2007). Oat bran rapidly increases bile acid excretion and bile acid synthesis: an ileostomy study. Eur J Clin Nutr 61, 938-945. Fabian, E., and Elmadfa, I. (2006). Influence of daily consumption of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the plasma lipid profile in young healthy women. Ann Nutr Metab 50, 387-393. FAO/WHO (2001). Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. FAO/WHO. FDA (1997. 21 January). FDA allows whole oat foods to make health claim on reducing the risk of heart disease. Feldheim, W., and Wisker, E. (2000). Studies on the improvement of dietary fibre intake. Deut Lebensm-Rundsch 96, 327-330. Ferre, P., and Foufelle, F. (2007). SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective. Horm Res 68, 72-82. Fiordaliso, M., Kok, N., Desager, J.P., Goethals, F., Deboyser, D., Roberfroid, M., and Delzenne, N. (1995). Dietary oligofructose lowers triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum and very low density lipoproteins of rats. Lipids 30, 163-167. Fleming, S.E., Choi, S.Y., and Fitch, M.D. (1991). Absorption of short-chain fatty acids from the rat cecum in vivo. J Nutr 121, 1787-1797. Flint, H.J., Bayer, E.A., Rincon, M.T., Lamed, R., and White, B.A. (2008). Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria: potential for new insights from genomic analysis. Nat Rev Microbiol 6, 121-131. Floch, M.H. (2010). The effect of probiotics on host metabolism: the microbiota and fermentation. J Clin Gastroenterol 44 Suppl 1, S19-21. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, 497-509. Frank, D.N., St Amand, A.L., Feldman, R.A., Boedeker, E.C., Harpaz, N., and Pace, N.R. (2007). Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 13780-13785. Frank, J., Sundberg, B., Kamal-Eldin, A., Vessby, B., and Aman, P. (2004). Yeast-leavened oat breads with high or low molecular weight beta-glucan do not differ in their effects on blood concentrations of lipids, insulin, or glucose in humans. J Nutr 134, 1384-1388. Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol 66, 365-378. Ghibaudi, L., Cook, J., Farley, C., van Heek, M., and Hwa, J.J. (2002). Fat intake affects adiposity, comorbidity factors, and energy metabolism of sprague-dawley rats. Obes Res 10, 956-963. Gibson, G.R., Macfarlane, G.T., and Cummings, J.H. (1993). Sulphate reducing bacteria and hydrogen metabolism in the human large intestine. Gut 34, 437-439. Gibson, G.R., and Roberfroid, M.B. (1995). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125, 1401-1412. Gill, S.R., Pop, M., Deboy, R.T., Eckburg, P.B., Turnbaugh, P.J., Samuel, B.S., Gordon, J.I., Relman, D.A., Fraser-Liggett, C.M., and Nelson, K.E. (2006). Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science 312, 1355-1359. Glore, S.R., Van Treeck, D., Knehans, A.W., and Guild, M. (1994). Soluble fiber and serum lipids: a literature review. J Am Diet Assoc 94, 425-436. Goossens, D., Jonkers, D., Russel, M., Stobberingh, E., Van Den Bogaard, A., and StockbrUgger, R. (2003). The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the bacterial composition and metabolic activity in faeces of healthy volunteers: a placebo-controlled study on the onset and duration of effects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18, 495-505. Griffiths, E.A., Duffy, L.C., Schanbacher, F.L., Qiao, H., Dryja, D., Leavens, A., Rossman, J., Rich, G., Dirienzo, D., and Ogra, P.L. (2004). In vivo effects of bifidobacteria and lactoferrin on gut endotoxin concentration and mucosal immunity in Balb/c mice. Dig Dis Sci 49, 579-589. Halestrap, A.P., and Denton, R.M. (1973). Insulin and the regulation of adipose tissue acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Biochem J 132, 509-517. Hensrud, D.D., and Klein, S. (2006). Extreme obesity: a new medical crisis in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 81, S5-10. Higgins, J.A., Brown, M.A., and Storlien, L.H. (2006). Consumption of resistant starch decreases postprandial lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of the rat. Nutr J 5, 25. Howarth, N.C., Saltzman, E., and Roberts, S.B. (2001). Dietary fiber and weight regulation. Nutr Rev 59, 129-139. Huang, X.F., Yu, Y.H., Beck, E.J., South, T., Li, Y.L., Batterham, M.J., Tapsell, L.C., and Chen, J.Z. (2011). Diet high in oat beta-glucan activates the gut-hypothalamic (PYY3-36-NPY) axis and increases satiety in diet-induced obesity in mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 55, 1118-1121. Jenkins, A.L., Jenkins, D.J., Zdravkovic, U., Wursch, P., and Vuksan, V. (2002). Depression of the glycemic index by high levels of beta-glucan fiber in two functional foods tested in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, 622-628. Jenkins, D.J., and Kendall, C.W. (2000). Resistant starches. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 16, 178-183. Jeun, J., Kim, S., Cho, S.Y., Jun, H.J., Park, H.J., Seo, J.G., Chung, M.J., and Lee, S.J. (2010). Hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 by increased bile acid excretion in C57BL/6 mice. Nutrition 26, 321-330. Kalra, S., and Joad, S. (2000). Effect of dietary barley beta-glucan on cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions in rats. J Cereal Sci 31, 141-145. Kalra, S., and Jood, S. (1998). Biological evaluation of protein quality of barley. Food Chem 61, 35-39. Kaushik, J.K., Kumar, A., Duary, R.K., Mohanty, A.K., Grover, S., and Batish, V.K. (2009). Functional and probiotic attributes of an indigenous isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum. PLoS One 4, e8099. Keenan, J.M., Goulson, M., Shamliyan, T., Knutson, N., Kolberg, L., and Curry, L. (2007). The effects of concentrated barley beta-glucan on blood lipids in a population of hypercholesterolaemic men and women. Br J Nutr 97, 1162-1168. Kimm, S.Y. (1995). The role of dietary fiber in the development and treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatrics 96, 1010-1014. Kok, N., Roberfroid, M., and Delzenne, N. (1996). Dietary oligofructose modifies the impact of fructose on hepatic triacylglycerol metabolism. Metabolism 45, 1547-1550. Krajmalnik-Brown, R., Ilhan, Z.E., Kang, D.W., and Dibaise, J.K. (2012). Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation. Nutr Clin Pract 27, 201-214. Kumar, R., Grover, S., and Batish, V.K. (2011). Hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary inclusion of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum strains in Sprague-Dawley rats. Br J Nutr 105, 561-573. Lambert, J.M., Bongers, R.S., de Vos, W.M., and Kleerebezem, M. (2008). Functional analysis of four bile salt hydrolase and penicillin acylase family members in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Appl Environ Microbiol 74, 4719-4726. Langlands, S.J., Hopkins, M.J., Coleman, N., and Cummings, J.H. (2004). Prebiotic carbohydrates modify the mucosa associated microflora of the human large bowel. Gut 53, 1610-1616. Le Leu, R.K., Hu, Y., Brown, I.L., Woodman, R.J., and Young, G.P. (2010). Synbiotic intervention of Bifidobacterium lactis and resistant starch protects against colorectal cancer development in rats. Carcinogenesis 31, 246-251. Le Poul, E., Loison, C., Struyf, S., Springael, J.Y., Lannoy, V., Decobecq, M.E., Brezillon, S., Dupriez, V., Vassart, G., Van Damme, J., et al. (2003). Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation. J Biol Chem 278, 25481-25489. Lee, H.Y., Park, J.H., Seok, S.H., Baek, M.W., Kim, D.J., Lee, K.E., Paek, K.S., Lee, Y., and Park, J.H. (2006). Human originated bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice. Bba-Mol Cell Biol L 1761, 736-744. Lee, K., Paek, K., Lee, H.Y., Park, J.H., and Lee, Y. (2007). Antiobesity effect of trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid-producing Lactobacillus plantarum PL62 on diet-induced obese mice. J Appl Microbiol 103, 1140-1146. Lerer-Metzger, M., Rizkalla, S.W., Luo, J., Champ, M., Kabir, M., Bruzzo, F., Bornet, F., and Slama, G. (1996). Effects of long-term low-glycaemic index starchy food on plasma glucose and lipid concentrations and adipose tissue cellularity in normal and diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 75, 723-732. Lewis, S.J., and Heaton, K.W. (1997). Increasing butyrate concentration in the distal colon by accelerating intestinal transit. Gut 41, 245-251. Ley, R.E., Backhed, F., Turnbaugh, P., Lozupone, C.A., Knight, R.D., and Gordon, J.I. (2005). Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 11070-11075. Ley, R.E., Turnbaugh, P.J., Klein, S., and Gordon, J.I. (2006). Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature 444, 1022-1023. Lim, C.C., Ferguson, L.R., and Tannock, G.W. (2005). Dietary fibres as "prebiotics": implications for colorectal cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 49, 609-619. Lupton, J.R., Robinson, M.C., and Morin, J.L. (1994). Cholesterol-lowering effect of barley bran flour and oil. J Am Diet Assoc 94, 65-70. Macdonald, I.A., Bokkenheuser, V.D., Winter, J., McLernon, A.M., and Mosbach, E.H. (1983). Degradation of steroids in the human gut. J Lipid Res 24, 675-700. Macfarlane, G.T., Gibson, G.R., and Cummings, J.H. (1992). Comparison of fermentation reactions in different regions of the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol 72, 57-64. Mai, V., and Draganov, P.V. (2009). Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health. World J Gastroentero 15, 81-85. Malkki, Y., and Virtanen, E. (2001). Gastrointestinal effects of oat bran and oat gum - A review. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 34, 337-347. McNeil, N.I., Cummings, J.H., and James, W.P. (1978). Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine. Gut 19, 819-822. Million, M., Maraninchi, M., Henry, M., Armougom, F., Richet, H., Carrieri, P., Valero, R., Raccah, D., Vialettes, B., and Raoult, D. (2011). Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Int J Obes (Lond). Montrose, D.C., and Floch, M.H. (2005). Probiotics used in human studies. J Clin Gastroenterol 39, 469-484. Muoio, D.M., and Newgard, C.B. (2008). Mechanisms of disease: molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 193-205. Murphy, E.F., Cotter, P.D., Healy, S., Marques, T.M., O''Sullivan, O., Fouhy, F., Clarke, S.F., O''Toole, P.W., Quigley, E.M., Stanton, C., et al. (2010). Composition and energy harvesting capacity of the gut microbiota: relationship to diet, obesity and time in mouse models. Gut 59, 1635-1642. Naruszewicz, M., Johansson, M.L., Zapolska-Downar, D., and Bukowska, H. (2002). Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on cardiovascular disease risk factors in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 76, 1249-1255. Neal, M.D., Leaphart, C., Levy, R., Prince, J., Billiar, T.R., Watkins, S., Li, J., Cetin, S., Ford, H., Schreiber, A., et al. (2006). Enterocyte TLR4 mediates phagocytosis and translocation of bacteria across the intestinal barrier. J Immunol 176, 3070-3079. Notarnicola, M., Miccolis, A., Tutino, V., Lorusso, D., and Caruso, M.G. (2012). Low levels of lipogenic enzymes in peritumoral adipose tissue of colorectal cancer patients. Lipids 47, 59-63. Numa, S., Bortz, W.M., and Lynen, F. (1965). Regulation of fatty acid synthesis at the acetyl-CoA carboxylation step. Advances in Enzyme Regulation 3, 407-423. Ogden, C.L., Yanovski, S.Z., Carroll, M.D., and Flegal, K.M. (2007). The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology 132, 2087-2102. Ooi, L.G., and Liong, M.T. (2010). Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 11, 2499-2522. Park, J., and Floch, M.H. (2007). Prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber in gastrointestinal disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 36, 47-63, v. Payne, A.N., Chassard, C., Zimmermann, M., Muller, P., Stinca, S., and Lacroix, C. (2011). The metabolic activity of gut microbiota in obese children is increased compared with normal-weight children and exhibits more exhaustive substrate utilization. Nutrition and Diabetes 1, e12. Rafter, J., Bennett, M., Caderni, G., Clune, Y., Hughes, R., Karlsson, P.C., Klinder, A., O''Riordan, M., O''Sullivan, G.C., Pool-Zobel, B., et al. (2007a). Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr 85, 488-496. Rafter, J., Bennett, M., Caderni, G., Clune, Y., Hughes, R., Karlsson, P.C., Klinder, A., O''Riordan, M., O''Sullivan, G.C., Pool-Zobel, B., et al. (2007b). Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85, 488-496. Reeves, P.G., Nielsen, F.H., and Fahey, G.C., Jr. (1993). AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123, 1939-1951. Reilly, K.J., Rombeau, J.L. (1993). Metabolism and potential clinical-application of short-chain fatty-acids. Clin Nutr 12, 97-105. Reynier, M.O., Montet, J.C., Gerolami, A., Marteau, C., Crotte, C., Montet, A.M., and Mathieu, S. (1981). Comparative effects of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids on micellar solubilization and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. J Lipid Res 22, 467-473. Richmond, W. (1973). Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 19, 1350-1356. Ripsin, C.M., Keenan, J.M., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Elmer, P.J., Welch, R.R., Van Horn, L., Liu, K., Turnbull, W.H., Thye, F.W., Kestin, M., et al. (1992). Oat products and lipid lowering. A meta-analysis. JAMA 267, 3317-3325. Roberfroid, M.B., and Delzenne, N.M. (1998). Dietary fructans. Annu Rev Nutr 18, 117-143. Rowland, I.R., Rumney, C.J., Coutts, J.T., and Lievense, L.C. (1998). Effect of Bifidobacterium longum and inulin on gut bacterial metabolism and carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats. Carcinogenesis 19, 281-285. Samuel, B.S., Shaito, A., Motoike, T., Rey, F.E., Backhed, F., Manchester, J.K., Hammer, R.E., Williams, S.C., Crowley, J., Yanagisawa, M., et al. (2008a). Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 16767-16772. Samuel, B.S., Shaito, A., Motoike, T., Rey, F.E., Backhed, F., Manchester, J.K., Hammer, R.E., Williams, S.C., Crowley, J., Yanagisawa, M., et al. (2008b). Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short-chain fatty-acid binding G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr41. P Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 16767-16772. Schwiertz, A., Taras, D., Schafer, K., Beijer, S., Bos, N.A., Donus, C., and Hardt, P.D. (2010). Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18, 190-195. Shimizu, C., Kihara, M., Aoe, S., Araki, S., Ito, K., Hayashi, K., Watari, J., Sakata, Y., and Ikegami, S. (2008). Effect of high beta-glucan barley on serum cholesterol concentrations and visceral fat area in Japanese men--a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63, 21-25. Slavin, J.L. (2005). Dietary fiber and body weight. Nutrition 21, 411-418. Sonnenburg, J.L., Xu, J., Leip, D.D., Chen, C.H., Westover, B.P., Weatherford, J., Buhler, J.D., and Gordon, J.I. (2005). Glycan foraging in vivo by an intestine-adapted bacterial symbiont. Science 307, 1955-1959. Takase, S., Goda, T., and Watanabe, M. (1994). Monostearoylglycerol-starch complex: its digestibility and effects on glycemic and lipogenic responses. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 40, 23-36. Theuwissen, E., and Mensink, R.P. (2008). Water-soluble dietary fibers and cardiovascular disease. Physiol Behav 94, 285-292. Tiffany, T.O., Jansen, J.M., Burtis, C.A., Overton, J.B., and Scott, C.D. (1972). Enzymatic kinetic rate and end-point analyses of substrate, by use of a GeMSAEC fast analyzer. Clinical chemistry 18, 829-840. Tilg, H., Moschen, A.R., and Kaser, A. (2009). Obesity and the microbiota. Gastroenterology 136, 1476-1483. Tomita, M., Ohkubo, R., and Hayashi, M. (2004). Lipopolysaccharide transport system across colonic epithelial cells in normal and infective rat. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 19, 33-40. Topping, D.L., and Clifton, P.M. (2001). Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev 81, 1031-1064. Towle, H.C. (2001). Glucose and cAMP: adversaries in the regulation of hepatic gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 13476-13478. Trautwein, E.A., Rieckhoff, D., and Erbersdobler, H.F. (1998). Dietary inulin lowers plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol and alters biliary bile acid profile in hamsters. J Nutr 128, 1937-1943. Truswell, A.S. (2002). Cereal grains and coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, 1-14. Turnbaugh, P.J., Ley, R.E., Mahowald, M.A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E.R., and Gordon, J.I. (2006). An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444, 1027-1031. Venter, C.S., Vorster, H.H., and Cummings, J.H. (1990). Effects of dietary propionate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in healthy volunteers. Am J Gastroenterol 85, 549-553. Vreugdenhil, A.C., Rousseau, C.H., Hartung, T., Greve, J.W., van ''t Veer, C., and Buurman, W.A. (2003). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein mediates LPS detoxification by chylomicrons. J Immunol 170, 1399-1405. Walker, A.W., Duncan, S.H., Leitch, E.C.M., Child, M.W., and Flint, H.J. (2005). pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial populations and short-chain fatty acid ratios within microbial communities from the human colon. Appl Environ Microb 71, 3692-3700. Wang, Z., Xiao, G., Yao, Y., Guo, S., Lu, K., and Sheng, Z. (2006). The role of bifidobacteria in gut barrier function after thermal injury in rats. J Trauma 61, 650-657. Watkins, L.O. (2004). Epidemiology and burden of cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 27, III2-6. WHO (2008). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. Wolever, T.M., Spadafora, P., and Eshuis, H. (1991). Interaction between colonic acetate and propionate in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 53, 681-687. Wong, J.M., de Souza, R., Kendall, C.W., Emam, A., and Jenkins, D.J. (2006). Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. J Clin Gastroenterol 40, 235-243. Wright, S.D., Ramos, R.A., Tobias, P.S., Ulevitch, R.J., and Mathison, J.C. (1990). CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Science 249, 1431-1433. Wursch, P., and Pi-Sunyer, F.X. (1997). The role of viscous soluble fiber in the metabolic control of diabetes. A review with special emphasis on cereals rich in beta-glucan. Diabetes Care 20, 1774-1780. Xiong, Y., Miyamoto, N., Shibata, K., Valasek, M.A., Motoike, T., Kedzierski, R.M., and Yanagisawa, M. (2004). Short-chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR41. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 1045-1050. Xu, J., Bjursell, M.K., Himrod, J., Deng, S., Carmichael, L.K., Chiang, H.C., Hooper, L.V., and Gordon, J.I. (2003). A genomic view of the human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis. Science 299, 2074-2076. Yamada, K., Tokunaga, Y., Ikeda, A., Ohkura, K., Mamiya, S., Kaku, S., Sugano, M., and Tachibana, H. (1999). Dietary effect of guar gum and its partially hydrolyzed product on the lipid metabolism and immune function of Sprague-Dawley rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63, 2163-2167. Yang, J.L., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H.S., Lee, M.S., and Moon, Y.K. (2003). Barley beta-glucan lowers serum cholesterol based on the up-regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity and mRNA abundance in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 49, 381-387. Yoon, J.C., Chickering, T.W., Rosen, E.D., Dussault, B., Qin, Y., Soukas, A., Friedman, J.M., Holmes, W.E., and Spiegelman, B.M. (2000). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target gene encoding a novel angiopoietin-related protein associated with adipose differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 20, 5343-5349. 行政院衛生署 (2011). 100年度死因統計. 行政院衛生署國家衛生研究院 (2010). 2005-2008 國人過重及肥胖狀況. 馬琮詠 (2011). 細菌菌種介紹-Lactobacillus plantarum 微生物的世界.
|