臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要針對海鱺化學組成與魚體大小之關係，飼料配方對海鱺幼魚化學組成之影響，以及野生與不同養殖場海鱺化學組成之比較等三部分進行探討。
同一箱網養殖場育成之31尾海鱺（體重範圍1.5 ~ 8703 g），1.4 kg以下的魚，其肥滿度與魚體大小顯著呈正相關（r = 0.79），以上者則無相關性。普通肉pH值介於5.5 ~ 6.3之間，類似洄游性紅肉魚類；氨與尿素亦低，和一般硬骨魚類無異，pH、氨及尿素與魚體大小皆無良好之相關性存在。海鱺之一般成分受魚體大小影響甚大，尤以脂肪和水分最為顯著，在同一魚體中，腹部普通肉脂肪含量明顯高於背部肉，甚至達2倍以上，兩者之脂肪含量皆與魚體大小呈顯著之正相關（r = 0.80；r = 0.78），相對地，隨魚體重量增加，水分含量愈少，蛋白質與灰分在魚體間之差異則較小。游離胺基酸（FAA）總量及其主要之FAA包括牛磺酸（Tau）、甘胺酸（Gly）、丙胺酸（Ala）與麩胺酸（Glu）等皆隨魚體重量之增加而有減少之趨勢，其中Tau與魚體重量之負相關性最高。養殖海鱺肉中含有雙胜之甲肌（Ans），含量介於14 ~ 80 mg/100g，在魚體間差異大，但與大小卻無良好相關性。ATP相關化合物（ARC）中以肌酸（IMP）為主，ARC總量及IMP與體重皆無顯著之相關性存在。
海鱺魚苗（平均體重11.2 g）以含不同油脂比例之四組飼料配方餵食73天後，發現隨飼料油脂添加量之提高，海鱺脂肪之蓄積量亦增加，但魚油添加量增至15% 時，海鱺成長效果最低，海鱺幼魚飼料之魚油添加比例似以10% 為宜。FAA總量、主要FAA（Tau、Gly、Ala及Glu）、ARC、IMP、氨及尿素含量與飼料配方似無密切之相關性存在，但以高比例魚粉、低比例魚油與澱粉之飼料餵養之海鱺，除了體脂肪顯著低於其他三組外，其FAA、氨及尿素含量，在飼養期間皆明顯較其他組少。
在澎湖海域所獲9尾野生海鱺之肥滿度顯著低於在屏東與澎湖箱網漁場所產體型相近之養殖海鱺。野生海鱺背部或腹部肉水分含量皆較養殖魚高，但粗脂肪含量則顯著較低，蛋白質及灰分在野生與養殖魚中皆無顯著差異。不同養殖場海鱺之FAA總量皆較高於野生魚。在個別FAA方面，Tau為野生海鱺最多之FAA，屏東海鱺則以Gly最豐，而澎湖海鱺背部及腹部肉中分別以離胺酸（Lys）及Tau含量最高。野生海鱺之Tau較養殖海鱺高，但前者之Glu、麩胺醯胺（Gln）、Gly、Ala、鳥胺酸（Orn）及脯胺酸（Pro）等卻低於後者。Ans在野生及養殖海鱺中皆無顯著差異，但肌（Car）僅在野生魚中被檢出。三種海鱺肉中之ARC以IMP為主要成分，在野生與養殖魚中無顯著差異。澎湖海鱺之氨含量顯著高於屏東及野生魚，但尿素在三者間則無差異。

中文摘要………………………………………….…………………….. I
英文摘要………………………………………………….…………….. III
目錄……………………………………………………………….…….. V
壹、前言………………………………………..…….…..……….……. 1
貳、文獻整理…………………….…….……..…………………...…… 3
一、海鱺之形態、生態及養殖……………....……..…………..…… 3
二、魚介類之一般成分……….……………...………….....…….….. 4
三、魚介類萃取物成分…….….…………………..……………....… 5
（一）魚介類萃取物成分組成之特徵與功能.…….…………….... 5
（二）魚介類萃取物成分與呈味之關係……..….….……….....…. 7
1. 游離胺基酸..……………..….....……………….….………... 7
2. 低分子量胜……………………………..………….…...… 8
3. 核酸及其相關化合物...……………….………….……..... 9
4. 四級胺鹽基化合物………….…………………..…..….…… 9
5. 有機酸………………………….………….……….….…..… 10
6. 醣類……………………………………………..………….... 10
7. 無機鹽類………………………….……….….…..………..... 10
四、影響魚類化學組成分之因素…………………....……..…..…… 11
（一）成長…………………………...….……………...….….……. 11
（二）飼料…………….….………...…………….………..…….…. 12
（三）棲息環境.…………….……………...……….………...……. 13
（四）部位…..….…….………………….……....….….………..…. 15
五、飼料對魚體成長之影響………………………….…..……….… 16
參、材料與方法…….………………...……….…..……………....…… 19
一、實驗項目與材料….…………………...…………………..…..… 19
（一）海鱺化學組成與魚體大小之關係…………..………..…...... 19
（二）飼料配方對海鱺幼魚化學組成之影響……………...…..…. 19
（三）野生與不同養殖場海鱺化學組成之比較…….…………..... 20
二、分析方法……………………….……….………..……………… 20
（一）肥滿度測定……………………………….………..………... 20
（二）pH值…………….….……………………..……….....……... 20
（三）一般成分……………...……………………..…………..…... 20
（四）游離胺基酸、氨、尿素及雙胜……...………..…………. 21
（五）ATP相關化合物……...…………………………...………… 21
（六）統計分析………..……………...………….………………… 22
肆、結果與討論.……………………………...…..………………….... 23
一、海鱺化學組成與魚體大小之關係………….………….………. 23
（一）肥滿度與魚體大小及內臟比例之關係...……...……...……. 23
（二）pH值與魚體大小之關係……………..………..……...…… 23
（三）尿素與魚體大小之關係….………………..………...…….... 24
（四）氨與魚體大小之關係……………………….....……...…….. 25
（五）一般成分與魚體大小之關係…….…...………....………….. 25
（六）游離胺基酸及雙胜與魚體大小之關係………………….. 28
（七）ATP相關化合物與魚體大小之關係.……..….…………..… 30
二、飼料配方對海鱺幼魚化學組成之影響……………….……….. 31
（一）飼料配方對海鱺體重、增重率、體長及肥滿度之影響.…. 31
（二）飼料配方對海鱺一般成分之影響………………………..… 32
（三）飼料配方對海鱺游離胺基酸及雙胜之影響….….…….... 33
（四）飼料配方對海鱺ATP相關化合物之影響……….………… 35
（五）飼料配方對海鱺氨及尿素之影響...………………..…….… 35
三、野生與不同養殖場海鱺化學組成之比較….………….……….. 37
（一）野生與養殖海鱺之體重、體長及肥滿度……………..…… 37
（二）野生與養殖海鱺一般成分之比較…………………..……… 37
（三）野生與養殖海鱺游離胺基酸與雙胜之比較…..….……... 39
（四）野生與養殖海鱺ATP相關化合物之比較……………..…... 41
（五）野生與養殖海鱺之氨及尿素之比較……...…………..….… 41
伍、結論………………………………………...……………..….…… 43
陸、參考文獻……………………………..……..………………...…… 45
柒、圖……………………………………………..……………...……. 56
捌、表……………………………………..……………………….…… 78

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