臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨者無線感測網路的技術逐漸成熟，應用逐漸廣泛，對於無線感測網路路由的研究也漸漸成為研究焦點，然而除了感測節點能量問題的探討，對於資料的可靠度的問題也逐漸受到重視。
感測節點在進行無線通訊時容易受到干擾，導致目的端無法接收到完整且正確的資料，在本論文，為了讓感測節點的資料在無線通道傳輸中能對抗雜訊干擾或訊號衰減所造成的封包錯誤或是遺失，我們在感測網路中提出了一套路由方法，稱作HRMR(High Reliability Multi-path Routing)，我們加入了多路徑傳輸與相連碼編碼保護機制，希望藉由多路徑分配封包之傳輸機制，來提升通道編碼還原的機率，以確保傳輸資訊的完整性與正確性。此外我們將該想法架構於叢集式的網路架構上，希望利用通道編碼提升資料可靠度的同時，對於整體網路的存活時間也能夠有一定的保證，建立一個有效可行的無線感測網路。最後，我們將透過模擬的方法來驗證HRMR的效能，並且針對模擬結果進行分析與討論。

As the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) become more and more popular, there have been various applications been developed. Routing schemes for wireless sensor networks have drawn increasing attention in literature. In addition, the issues of how to increase the energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks and how to delivery data reliably have been paid more and more attention.
When sensor nodes process and perform data transmission, they are prone to errors due to air interference. As a result the receiver cannot receive packets correctly. In this paper, we propose an algorithm called "High Reliability Multi-path Routing" (HRMR) to protect the packet against packet errors and packet losses caused by noise interference or signal attenuation. The HRMR is designed based on the multi-path routing and forward error correct (FEC) techniques. The proposed algorithm is developed on the LEACH hierarchical network structure, and we used load balancing algorithm on the design of multi-path scheme to provide longer entire network lifetime. In addition, The data are partitioned into pieces and the Reed-Solomon codec is used to encode them before they are sent to destination via different paths. As such, high data reliability and high packet recovery rate can be achieved. In our Algorithm, we emphasized on the performance of network lifetime and reliability in wireless sensor networks. Finally, the performance of HRMR is evaluated and the analytical model is also verified by simulation.

致謝詞 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
方程式目錄 X
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 論文架構 4
第2章 相關研究背景 5
2.1 無線通道模型 5
2.1.1 傳播路徑損耗模型(Propagation Path Loss Model) 6
2.1.2 對數距離路徑損耗模型(Log-Distance Path Loss Model) 6
2.1.3 大尺度傳播模型(Large Scale Propagation Model) 8
2.1.4 小尺度傳播模型(Small Scale Propagation Model) 8
2.2 無線感測網路路由分類 10
2.1.1 平坦式路由協定 11
2.1.1.1 泛洪式路由協定 12
2.1.1.2 漫談式路由協定 13
2.1.1.3 方向式擴散路由協定 14
2.1.1.4 SPIN 15
2.1.2 階層式路由協定 17
2.1.2.1 LEACH 18
2.1.2.2 PEGASIS 18
2.1.2.3 RCCT 20
2.1.3 定址式路由協定 20
2.1.3.1 GAF 20
2.1.3.2 GEAR 21
2.1.3.3 GeRaf 22
2.3 LEACH 23
2.3.1 路由架構 23
2.3.2 運作方法 24
2.3.3 The first order radio model 27
2.4 感測資料錯誤更正 30
2.4.1 通道錯誤的種類 31
2.4.2 編碼碼率 34
2.4.3 里德所羅門碼 35
2.4.4 交叉存取 36
第3章 系統架構與方法 39
3.1 HRMR模型架構 40
3.1.1 叢集基礎架構 41
3.1.2 多路徑 42
3.2 HRMR運作流程 44
3.2.1 叢集頭建立 44
3.2.2 形成多叢集 44
3.2.3 外層/內層編碼與解碼 44
3.2.4 叢集頭彙整資料 46
3.2.5 路徑可靠度資料分配及多路徑資料傳輸 47
第4章 模擬結果與討論 50
4.1 模擬環境與參數 50
4.2 模擬方法 53
4.3 模擬結果分析 55
4.3.1 不同環境下的資料可靠度分析 55
4.3.2 使用相連碼與單一使用RS編碼的資料可靠度分析 58
4.3.3 探討多路徑分配資料量演算法 59
第5章 結論與未來研究 62
參考文獻 63

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