臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

從人類開始定居在地球上，人類便開始群聚在特定的區域內，人對於生活及環境的需求在人口稠密的地區產生大量的不透水表面，這類不透水的地方包括學校、鐵路、街道、屋頂、停車場、購物商場、水路、高速公路與商業及工業建築。這些不同的都市化程度會對集水區上下游產生不同程度的影響。
集水區都市化對降雨-逕流模式參數之影響研究是以半分布平行串聯(並聯)線性水庫評估不同都市化變數對集水區水文之的影響。
本研究所使用之方法不需要詳細的水文資料，區塊克利金法用來估計集水區及其分區之平均降雨，降雨損失是假設空間均勻Φ指數值，即是分區的平均降雨個別輸入到半分布並聯線性水庫模式中，逕流體積誤差(VER)標準的結果顯示原則上的體積平衡並不受空間均勻損失分布的假設所影響，取決於模擬體積是否與觀測相近，其他三個評估標準(CE, EQp 及 ETp)也反應集水區出口水文歷線的模擬有助於分區代表參數的獲得。四個評估標準的驗證結果確認漫地流貯蓄Ko與不透水率(Im)之間的冪次關係適當的反應集水區分區中都市化程度的改變。
透過64個檢定事件與46個驗證事件，成功的評估集水區分區都市化變數對模式參數的影響，證明集水區分區中都市化變數及參數的相關聯性。
由最佳區間法所獲得的分區參數的改變，反應出分區中不同程度的都市化變數，研究結果顯示相較於人口改變，不透水率(Im)在影響模式參數上更具影響性。
不透水率(Im)的改變對於Ko參數有明顯影響，而Kc參數則與都市化過程無關，基於這兩個發現，Ko參數的平均值與不透水率(Im)的百分比有關，冪次連結提供的一個連接分區參數及其相應的不透水率(Im)連續關係的方法。
基於觀測的不透水率(Im)資料，這些由冪次方程式所計算的值代表個集水區分區漫地流貯蓄參數Ko，集水區分區的水文特徵改變代表分區不同的都市化程度。
建立Ko與不透水率(Im)之冪次關係式，未來只需對於集水區之不透水率(Im)與降雨資料，就可成功準確計算其流量。

This study used a semi-distributed model with a parallel connection to examine the effects of urbanization variables. Data were obtained from watershed divisions displaying varying degrees of urbanization. The mean rainfall was calculated using the Kriging method. The model inputs, effective rainfall across the divisions, were obtained by subtracting mean rainfall from identical Φ-index values, based on the spatial-uniform loss assumption. Regression analysis determined the relationship between the parameters of 64 calibrations and urbanization variables among the divisions. The results showed that overland parameters displayed more consistent change in response to the imperviousness compared to the population. By contrast, the channel parameter was unaffected by change in urbanization. The verification results showed that power linkage was an available selection for linking division parameters with the corresponding imperviousness based on 46 cases using four evaluation criteria. The changes in imperviousness on overland parameters illustrated the hydrological effects of division urbanizations.

摘 要 i
Abstract iii
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 4
1.2 研究方法 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第三章 研究理論及方法 15
3.1 逕流量推估理論 15
3.2 區塊克利金法（Block Kriging technology） 23
3.3 有效降雨與其之計算 26
3.4 逕流模擬之評估標準 27
第四章 降雨-逕流模式之建立 28
4.1 研究集水區 28
4.2半分布平行串聯(並聯)線性水庫模式 32
第五章 研究案例之驗證與討論 35
第六章 結論與建議 63
參考文獻 65
附錄一 70
附錄二 87
附錄三 111

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