臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以填充單純介質(蛇木屑)之生物濾床處理排氣中之PGMEA。利用蛇木屑的特性改善傳統混和堆肥之生物濾床易阻塞、濾料結塊及壓密的缺點，使生物濾床可達到更佳的處理效果。
生物濾床主體材質為2.5公分厚之實木板，濾床主體總高度為218公分，由三層長方形槽體組成，每一槽高度60公分，內尺寸40×40公分；在生物濾床主體內，頂部以不植種之8公分厚蛇木屑填充作調濕填充材，第一槽及第二槽分別填充30公分厚之植種蛇木屑。
實驗分為四階段進行，第I階段操作99天，氣體空塔停留時間為1.60 min，進氣流量為50 L/min，進氣PGMEA濃度為9.33-329 (平均78.4) mg/Am3，總去除率為68%。本階段因營養鹽中未添加奶粉，生物濾床中附著於濾料上的微生物活性不佳，去除效率呈現不穩定狀態。在第II階段後，於營養鹽中添加奶粉，添加量為0.08 g/day (添加強度為1.0 g/m3.day)，經過20天，PGMEA去除率逐漸上升，在操作第127天時達到91%之總去除率。添加奶粉提供微生物成長需要的微量元素或營養份，提升微生物對PGMEA的代謝能力，使得去除率提高並維持穩定狀態。
在第I階段空塔停留時間為1.60 min時，總去除率為68%；第II階段空塔停留時間為0.80 min時，總去除率為83%；第III階段空塔停留時間為0.40 min時，總去除率為93%；第IV階段空塔停留時間為0.27 min時，總去除率為94%。本技術關鍵在於添加奶粉提高微生物活性，提高生物濾床之PGMEA處理效果良好，因此在本系統中空塔停留時間的長短對於生物濾床整體去除效率並無影響。
在有機負荷L＝0-250 g PGMEA/m3.h之範圍內，前1/2濾床濾料對PGMEA之平均去除率為90%；在L＝0-100 g PGMEA/m3.h之範圍內，後1/2濾床濾料對PGMEA之平均去除率為80%；在不同有機負荷之操作條件下，去除能力與有機負荷成正比關係。
建議操作參數為生物濾床中濾料含水率維持在52-65%，濾料pH值為7.15-7.38間，氣體空塔停留時間控制在0.4-0.27 min，進氣濃度為100-400 mg/Am3，有機負荷為45-180 g PGMEA/m3.h，總PGMEA去除率可達93%。

This study armed to develop a biofilter packed only with fern chips for the removal of air-borne propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). The fern chip biofilters could avoid the shortcomings of traditional media, such as compaction, drying, and breakdown, which lead to the performance failure of the biofilters.
In the present study, a three stage down-flow biofilter (2.18 m in height and 0.4 m×0.4 m in cross-sectional area) was constructed for the performance test. The first stage serviced as a humidifier for the incoming gas and the following two stages, both packed with fern chips of 0.30 m × 0.40 m ×0.40 m, as trickling bed biofilters for the VOC removal.
The experiment was divided into four phases. Operation conditions of an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 1.60min and influent PGMEA concentrations of 9.33-329 (average 78.4) mg/m3 were used in the Phase I experiment which lasted for 99 days. An average PGMEA removal of only 68% was obtained in this phase. For improving the PGMEA removal in the following phases, a fixed dosage of milk powder of 1.0 g/(m3 media. day) added as aqueous milk suspension was added to the media for nutrition of the biofilms on the fern chip surfaces. After an additional operation time of 20 days (the 127th day from the startup time), a stable PGMEA removal of 91% was achieved.
Following Phase II, PGMEA removals of 93 and 94% were obtained with EBRTs of 0.40 and 0.27 min, respectively, in Phases III and IV experiments. The results indicate that EBRT was not a key influencing factor to the PGMEA removal as long as the media had a high ability for the VOC degradation.
Experimental data obtained from Phases II-IV reveal that with volumetric loadings (L) of less than 250 g PGMEA/(m3.h) to the up-streaming half of the whole media, 90% of the influent PGMEA could be removed in this half media. An additional 80% of the influent PGMEA to the following half media could be removed with L < 100 g PGMEA/(m3.h) to the half media. The PGMEA elimination capacities were proportional to the volumetric loadings of less than 250 g PGMEA/(m3.h).
From the results, it could be proposed that for achieving over 93% of the PGMEA removal, appropriate operation conditions are media moisture content = 52-65%, media pH = 7.2-7.4, influent PGMEA concentration = 100-400 mg/Am3, EBRT = 0.27-0.40 min, and L to the whole media = 45-180 g PGMEA/(m3.h).

目 錄
摘要...................................................I
目錄...................................................III
圖目錄.................................................V
表目錄.................................................VI
第一章 前言...........................................1
1.1研究背景及動機............................ 1
1.2 研究內容及目的........................... 2

第二章 文獻回顧...................................... 6
2.1 VOCs排放源............................... 6
2.2 VOCs對人體的危害性....................... 7
2.3 VOCs處理技術............................. 8
2.4 生物處理法............................... 10
2.4.1 生物滴濾塔法........................... 10
2.4.2 生物洗滌法............................. 11
2.4.3 生物濾床法............................. 12
2.5 不同VOCS生物處理效能介紹................. 15
2.6 影響生物濾床處理效率之因素............... 20
2.6.1 濾料水份............................... 20
2.6.2濾床溫度................................ 21
2.6.3濾料pH值................................ 21
2.6.4 營養鹽................................. 22
2.6.5 微生物菌相............................. 22
2.6.6污染負荷................................ 22
2.6.7氧氣之供應...............................22

第三章 實驗設備、材料及方法...........................24
3.1 實驗設備................................. 24
3.1.1生物濾床主體............................ 24
3.1.2 供試氣體系統........................... 24
3.1.3 供試氣體系統設備規格................... 24
3.1.4 水氣供應系統........................... 25
3.1.5 水氣供應系統設備規格................... 25
3.2 實驗材料................................ 30
3.2.1 濾料................................... 30
3.2.2 活性污泥............................... 35
3.2.3 藥品................................... 35
3.3 實驗方法................................. 38
3.3.1 微生物馴養............................. 38
3.3.2 操作條件............................... 38
3.4 分析項目及方法........................... 39
3.4.1 濾床內濾料物化性質..................... 39
3.4.2 氣體樣中PGMEA.......................... 39
3.5 分析儀器................................. 39

第四章 結果與討論..................................... 42
4.1 濾料成分對操作性能之影響................. 42
4.2 生物濾床PGMEA濃度及去除率之變化.......... 45
4.3 添加奶粉效果試驗......................... 49
4.4 不同空塔停留時間下生物濾床之去除率....... 52
4.5 溫度及相對濕度之變化..................... 53
4.5.1 溫度之變化............................. 53
4.5.2 相對濕度之變化......................... 56
4.6 濾料pH值及濾料含水率之變化............... 59
4.6.1 濾料pH值之變化......................... 59
4.6.2 濾料含水率之變化....................... 59
4.7 濾料吸附PGMEA之變化...................... 61
4.8 有機負荷對去除率之影響................... 62
4.8.1 有機負荷之變化......................... 62
4.8.2 有機負荷與去除能力之關係............... 63

第五章 結論與建議..................................... 66
5.1 結論..................................... 66
5.2 建議..................................... 67
參考文獻.............................................. 68
附錄.................................................. 73

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