臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以台灣桑科榕屬植物之木蝨癭主題，寄主植物包括澀葉榕 (Ficus irisana) 、金氏榕 (F. ampela) 、正榕 (F. microcarpa) 及九丁榕 (F. nervosa) 四種，且其蟲癭有不同之形態。研究針對兩點進行探討，分別為造癭木蝨之寄主專一性及其蟲癭組織之複雜度。首先，就造癭木蝨若蟲及成蟲外部形態和成蟲之性器加以鑑定，確認有三種。於寄主專一性部分，Sympauropsylla triozoptera可於澀葉榕及金氏榕葉面造被覆形的錐狀蟲癭、Macrohomotoma gladiata僅於正榕造芽苞形蟲癭，而Dynospylla pinnativena則於九丁榕葉緣造被覆形蟲癭。S. triozoptera蟲癭基本上為單室蟲癭、但當若蟲造癭位置相近時，亦可形成為多室蟲癭或聚室蟲癭；D. pinnativena造單室蟲癭，有時單一癭室內會有兩隻木蝨若蟲；M. gladiata則有許多木蝨若蟲群聚於單一芽苞，但並無明顯之癭室構造。於蟲癭組織結構部分，M. gladiata蟲癭為器官癭，其於若蟲取食口針鞘部位，周圍之細胞質濃現象，而造癭之芽苞並無明顯之組織變形或變大。D. pinnativena誘發之蟲癭可歸類於組織癭中的退變性癭，其蟲癭組織異於其它兩種木蝨蟲癭，於上表皮層具茸毛細胞及初始形成期後期蟲癭的外圍基本組織層具有含澱粉粒之薄壁細胞。S. triozoptera誘發之蟲癭則屬組織癭之原創性癭，其蟲癭組織分化明顯，並於成熟期具有厚壁組織，蟲癭外形呈明顯之圓錐狀。

The aim of this study is to investigate psyllid galls on Ficus (Moraceae) in Taiwan and focus on two aspects, that is, host specificity of galling psyllids and complexity of gall tissues. There are four host species, including F. irisana, F. ampela, F. microcarpa, and F. nervosa, and the shapes of galls on these plants varied. After carefully examining the general morphology of both adults and nymphs, and the genital character of adults, three species of psyllids were identified. In terms of host specificity, Sympauropsylla triozoptera forms covering galls on both F. irisana and F. ampela; Macrohomotoma gladiata induces bud galls only on F. microcarpa; Dynopsylla pinnativena makes covering galls exclusively on F. nervosa. Galls of S. triozoptera are basically monolocular but sometimes become multicular or gregarious galls when several nymphs induce galls nearby. Galls of D. pinnativena are monolocular, although sometimes two nymphs may be found in one gall. Nymphs of M. gladiata usually gather in one bud and there are no obvious gall chambers formed. Galls of M. galdiata could be considered as organoid gall. No apparent outer transformation or tissue differentiation is found on the feeding buds; however, the nucleus of the peripheral cells surrounded the nymphal style sheath is enlarged. Galls induced by D. pinnativena are regarded as kataplasmatic galls which are quite different from the other two psyllid galls. Trichomes develop on the adaxial epidermis and parenchyma with rich starch grains is found in the outer fundamental tissue system in the late initiation phase. Galls of S. triozoptera belong to prosoplasmatic galls. Differentiation of gall tissue is obvious. When reached to the maturation phase, sclerenchyma is well developed and the gall becomes conical in shape.

中文摘要........................................................i
英文摘要.......................................................ii
目錄..........................................................iv
表目錄.........................................................v
圖目錄........................................................vi
附錄目錄....................................................viii
前言...........................................................1
前人研究........................................................3
材料與方法.....................................................15
結果..........................................................20
討論..........................................................63
參考文獻.......................................................68
表............................................................75
圖............................................................76
附錄..........................................................99

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