臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近年來，因為資訊科技的快速發展，物流業蓬勃發展，導致損耗性商品的管理逐漸受到重視。損耗性商品隨著時間而損耗，時間是重要的影響因素，因儲存的時間過長會產生損耗、揮發、變質等現象，其價值與數量因此而降低或減少，過去對於損耗性商品的供應鏈協調相關研究中，大都是以整合整體供應鏈，提升供應鏈的績效為目的，忽略協調機制的重要性。近年來，由於全球化的因素，供應鏈管理與整合越來越受到重視，不像過去只著重於本身的利益，期望藉由整合供應鏈的方式，提高供應鏈成員的競爭力，利用有效的協調機制，使其能夠長期相互合作。因此本研究建構單一供應商與單一買方的二階供應鏈的研究架構，考量商品會隨著時間損耗、買方會發生缺貨情形下，利用數量折扣的協調機制提升整體利潤，並分別探討買賣雙方各自下決策，求得局部利潤最大化和有數量折扣的協調下，求得整體利潤最大化，並進行比較分析，期望獲得整體供應鏈利潤最佳且買賣雙方能夠長期合作的最佳訂購策略。
　　從研究中發現利用數量折扣為協調機制，與未經協調的比較之下，藉由利潤分析可得知，有協調機制能夠減少不確定性因素，以減少買方的訂購次數，降低買方成本，並有效提高整體供應鏈利潤，由成本分析可得知，買方利潤的增加在於大幅降低訂購成本和採購成本，而對供應方而言，提供折扣給買方會造成自身收益的減少，雖然能夠增加銷售的數量，但比不上固定成本上的開銷，因此反而不能提升供應商的收益，因此須藉由利潤分享的方式，才能使供應商願意進行協調，但對整體供應鏈而言，有協調情形下，利潤能夠有效提升。

During the past few years, many researches dealt with different inventory shortage models for deteriorating items, and used maximizing profits as an objective to find the optimal replenishment policy over a finite planning horizon. However they ignored the profit achievement of members in supply chains. A suitable coordination mechanism should be profitable not only for buyers but also for suppliers. This study develops a model for illustrating how to use a quantity discount policy to achieve supply chain coordination for deteriorating items. We here focus on how a supply chain obtains an optimal solution when a supplier provides quantity discount for buyers. We assumed that the buyer’s shortages in inventory are allowed and backlogged completely. A single-item model for deteriorating items with a constant demand and a Weibull deterioration distribution is considered. We expect to raise the profits of the members in the whole supply chain by using profit sharing. The numerical solution of the model is obtained, and the sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the model is also examined. Finally, the result of the numerical application suggests that the buyer should reduce the purchasing cost and the supplier should reduce the fixed cost. The coordination mechanism is profitable not only for the buyer but also for the supplier. The model can be extended in several ways. For instance, we may extend the constant demand rate to a function of selling price, and others.

摘 要...........II
目　錄............IV
表 目 錄 VI
圖 目 錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 3
第四節 研究流程 4
第五節 論文架構 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 供應鏈管理 7
第二節 供應鏈協調 10
第三節 損耗性商品 12
一、 損耗性存貨模式 12
二、 供應鏈之損耗性商品的協調機制 16
第三章 損耗性商品之供應鏈協調模式 20
第一節 問題描述 20
第二節 研究架構 23
第三節 模式建構 24
一、 最佳化個別買方與供應商利潤 26
二、 協調機制的進行的利潤模式 33
第四章 應用分析 37
第一節 實例說明與結果分析 37
一、 實例說明與參數設定 37
二、 結果分析 38
第二節 敏感度分析 40
一、 買方相關成本分析 40
二、 供應商相關成本分析 42
第三節 討論 45
第五章 結論與建議 47
第一節 研究成果 47
第二節 研究限制 48
第三節 未來發展 48
參考文獻.......... 50


表 目 錄

表4-1 相關參數設定 38
表4-2：協調前後利潤比較表 39
表4-3：買方相關成本分析表 39
表4-4：各項成本與利潤變化情形兩者間之综合分析表 45

圖 目 錄

圖 1-1：研究流程 …5
圖 3-1：單一供應方與單一買方的協調架構圖 24
圖 3-2：單一供應方與單一買方協調流程圖 25
圖 3-3：供應方之生產存貨圖形 26
圖 3-4：買方之存貨圖形 29
圖 4-1：買方相關成本變動率v.s.買方利潤變動分析圖 40
圖 4-2：買方相關成本變動v.s.整體供應鏈利潤變動分析圖 40
圖 4-3：供應商相關成本變動v.s.整體供應鏈利潤變動分析圖 41
圖 4-4：整體供應鏈利潤變動v.s.商品損耗率α值分析圖 42
圖 4-5：買方利潤變動v.s.商品損耗率β值分析圖 43
圖 4-6：買方利潤變動v.s.買方銷售價格分析圖 44
圖 4-7：供應方利潤變動v.s.供應方銷售價格圖 44
圖 4-8：買方利潤變動v.s.買方需求率分析圖 45
圖 4-9：供應方利潤變動v.s.供應方生產率圖 45

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