臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今的類比電路應用上，常常需要一個能夠不因電源電壓以及溫度的變化而產生太大變動的參考電壓，以提升整體電路的精確度、可靠度及良率，或是用以監督電源或是其他電路操作之正確性等等，是一應用極為廣泛的重要電路。線性能階差參考電壓產生電路是現今的標準 CMOS製程中常見的參考電壓源，然而目前所能見到的線性能階差參考電壓產生電路均不能在 2V 以下的電源電壓供應下可靠工作。
隨著半導體製程及應用上的演進，整個電路系統及積體電路（IC）在低電源電壓下工作已是不可避免的趨勢，因此如何將線性能階差參考電壓產生電路改進到能在 2V 以下的電源電壓供應下可靠地工作是目前迫切的需求。
本文將提出一個的新架構，利用溫度係數互補的電流相加及選取適當運算放大器輸入電壓節點的方式，目的在不使用複雜的低電壓運算放大器而改進傳統的線性能階差參考電壓產生電路，使其穩定工作電壓可以降低至 1.5V，甚至到達1.3V。

For many modern analog circuits, it is very important to generate a power supply voltage and temperature independent reference voltage to improve the performance of circuits such as accuracy, reliability, yield rate and so on.
In the past the linear type CMOS bandgap reference voltage generator was chosen as a reliable reference voltage source for many years because of its working very well. But the traditional linear type CMOS bandgap reference voltage generator cannot work properly when the power supply voltage is lower than 2V.
Due to the progress of CMOS process and the application of ICs, the power supply voltage of many ICs has to be reduced less than 2V in the future. A novel architecture of current summation type linear CMOS bandgap reference voltage generator is proposed here to afford a reliable bandgap reference voltage generating circuit that can operate at 1.3V power supply perfectly.

第一章序論
1-1 CMOS 能階差參考電壓產生電路 ( CMOS Bandgap Reference Voltage Generator) 介紹
1-2基本理論
1-3目前常見之實際電路
第二章非理想特性對能階差參考電壓產生電路之影響
2-1運算放大器之有限增益
2-2運算放大器之偏移電壓
2-4綜合影響
2-3電路元件之匹配性
第三章目前金氧互補式場效電晶體線性能階差參考電壓產生電路之問題
3-1噪訊
3-2運算放大器之偏移電壓
3-3輸出電壓之調整
3-4低工作電壓之趨勢
第四章針對低操作電壓之改進與模擬結果
4-1背景
4-2問題與改進原理
4-3電路圖及模擬結果
第五章實作考量
5-1佈局匹配
5-2頻率補償
5-3實測考量
第六章實測結果
6-1 操作考慮
6-2 實測結果
第七章誤差討論
7-1非理想因素之公式
7-2電阻值溫度變化之影響
7-3電阻值製程變化之影響
7-4接觸點（Contact）對電阻值之影響
第八章結論
8-1電路效能評估與討論
8-2 基本數據列表
8-3 目前已發表之相關研究

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