臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出具同步整流功能之全數位控制全橋相移轉換器(Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter, PSFBC)，全橋相移轉換器廣泛應用於中、大功率的電源轉換器，本文採用相移控制初級側功率開關，可達零電壓切換，因此實現高效率和高功率密度的要求。次級側整流架構使用同步整流電流倍增整流架構，電流倍增整流器由兩個濾波電感平均分配輸出電流，因此減少了傳導損耗、改善熱分布、降低耗損、並可降低輸出電流漣波。次級側搭配使用同步整流技術，提升整體電源轉換器之效率。本文數位控制器使用Microchip公司所推出的dsPIC33FJ16GS502數位信號處理器實現全數位控制，並針對數位控制器設計與開發數位PID補償器及數位濾波器。
本文分別探討電路操作原理、設計考量、閘極控制訊號設計方法，並實際製作一輸出功率為 (24Vdc/25A)之直流/直流電源轉換器以驗證本文所提出之電路分析與控制方法的正確性與可行性，根據實驗結果顯示所實作具同步整流功能之數位控制全橋相移轉換器，其量測效率最高可達到93.93%。

In this thesis, a fully-digital phase-shifted full-bridge converter (PSFBC) is developed. The PSFBC has been used widely in medium to high power applications because phase shift control can provide zero voltage switching (ZVS) for primary side switches; therefore achieves high efficiency and high power density. Current doubler rectifier (CDR) with synchronous rectification is adopted in this thesis for secondary side rectification. CDR splits the output current between two filter inductors, which reduces conduction losses, improves thermal distribution, allows for lower profile and possesses the ripple cancellation effect on the output capacitance. Synchronous rectification further increases the conversion efficiency. The digital controller including the digital PID compensator and digital filter is also designed and implemented. In this thesis, the digital controller is implemented using dsPIC33FJ16GS502 digital signal controller (DSC) from Microchip Corp.
In this thesis, the operating principles, design guidelines and the generation of gating signals are described first. A 600 W (24Vdc/25A) PSFBC prototyping circuit is developed next to validate the correctness of the proposed circuit analysis and control algorithm. According to the experimental results, the peak efficiency of the whole system can achieve 93.93 %.

摘要I
AbstractII
誌謝III
目錄V
圖目錄VII
表目錄X
第一章 緒論1
1.1 研究背景1
1.2 文獻探討2
1.3 研究動機與方法3
1.4 內容大綱5
第二章 次級側整流架構與同步整流技術分析6
2.1 次級側整流架構6
2.1.1 半波整流 (Half-Wave Rectifier)6
2.1.2 中間抽頭整流 (Center Tapped Rectifier)8
2.1.3 全橋整流 (Bridge Type Rectifier)10
2.1.4 電流倍增整流 (Current Doubler Rectifier)12
2.2 同步整流技術分析15
2.2.1 自激式 (Self-Driven)15
2.2.2 它激式 (External-Driven)16
第三章 同步整流全橋相移轉換器硬體架構18
3.1 前言18
3.2 同步整流全橋相移轉換器主架構介紹19
3.2 同步整流全橋相移轉換器控制介紹21
3.2.1 傳統全橋轉換器控制方法21
3.2.2 全橋相移轉換器控制方法21
3.3.3 同步整流全橋相移轉換器控制方法22
3.3.4 回授與功率開關驅動電路25
3.4 同步整流全橋相移轉換器操作模式分析26
3.5 零電壓切換之臨界電流說明與分析40
3.6 有效責任週期分析44
3.7 高頻切換限制45
第四章 硬體電路規格制定與設計49
4.1 制訂電路規格49
4.2 初級側元件設計與選用49
4.2.1 主變壓器設計49
4.2.2 諧振電感設計53
4.2.3 隔離電容設計54
4.2.4 初級側功率開關的選擇55
4.3 次級側元件設計與選用56
4.3.1 輸出倍流電感設計56
4.3.2 輸出濾波電容設計57
4.3.3 次級側同步整流功率開關的選擇58
第五章 同步整流全橋相移轉換器韌體介紹59
5.1 前言59
5.2 dsPIC33FJ16GS502微處理器簡介60
5.3 程式設計流程介紹62
5.4 數位濾波器64
5.4.1 濾波器簡介64
5.4.2 有限與無限脈衝響應濾波器66
5.4.3 有限脈衝響應濾波器設計67
5.4.4 有限脈衝響應數位濾波器驗證72
5.5 數位PID73
5.5.1 數位PID介紹73
5.5.2 PID控制器原理 73
5.5.3 數位PID控制器 75
第六章 實驗結果與討論78
6.1 實驗波形80
6.2 實測數據91
第七章 結論與未來展望95
7.1 結論95
7.2 未來展望96
參考文獻97

[1] Energy Star, 2013：http://www.energystar.gov/products/spec/node
[2] European Commission, 2013：http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm
[3] J. Dudrik and J. Oetter, “High-Frequency Soft-Switching DC-DC Converters for Voltage and Current DC Power Sources,” Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2007, pp. 29-46.
[4] J. A. Sabate, V. Vlatkovic, R. B. Ridley, F. C. Lee and B. H. Cho, “Design Considerations for High-Voltage, High-Power, Full Bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM Converter,” IEEE APEC, 1990, pp. 275-284.
[5] C. A. Canesin and I. Barbi, “Novel Zero-Current-Switching PWM Converters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 44, No. 3, June 1997, pp. 372-381.
[6] K. H. Liu and F. C. Lee, “Zero-Voltage Switching Technique in DC/DC converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 5, No. 3, July 1990, pp. 293-304.
[7] B. R. Lin, K. Huang and D. Wang, “Analysis and Implementation of Full-Bridge Converter with Current Doubler Rectifier,” IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, Vol. 152, No. 5, September 2005, pp. 1193-1202.
[8] Texas Instruments, “UCC28950 600-W, Phase-Shifted, Full-Bridge,” Application Report SLUA560B, October 2010.
[9] J. G. Cho, J. A. Sabate, G. Hua and F. C. Lee, “Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM Converter for High Power Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 4, June 1994, pp. 102-108.
[10] 李秉澤，「全橋相移式零電壓之電源轉換器製作」，國立高雄應用科技大學電機系碩士班碩士論文，民國九十七年七月。
[11] 紀仕秦，「用於電池充電器之數位控制相移全橋轉換器之設計與實現」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程系碩士學位論文，民國一百年七月。
[12] Z. Chen, S. Liu and L. Shi, “Improved Zero-Voltage-Switching Pulse Width Modulation Full Bridge Converter with Self-Regulating Auxiliary Current,” IET Power Electronics, Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2013, pp. 287-296.
[13] A. Jangwanitlert, “Analysis of A Wide Load Variation of ZVZCS Phase-Shifted PWM Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter,” IEEE Proceedings of the International Electrical Engineering Congress, March 2014, pp. 1-4.
[14] Y. S. Lai, Z. J. Su and Y. T. Chang, “New Thermal Balance Control Techniques of Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, September 2012, pp. 3975-3980.
[15] S. Lei, C. Yu, X. Xiangbo, P. Li and K. Yong, “Design and Optimization of Parallel DC-DC System Based on Current-Driven Phase Shift Full Bridge Converter,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, March 2014, pp. 2048-2053.
[16] Z. Emami, M. Nikpendar, N. Shafiei and S. R. Motahari, “Leading and Lagging Legs Power Loss Analysis in ZVS Phase-Shift Full Bridge Converter,” IEEE Power Electronics Drive Systems and Technologies Conference, February 2011, pp. 632-637.
[17] T. H. Kim, S. J. Lee and W. Choi, “Design and Control of the Phase Shift Full Bridge Converter for the On-Board Battery Charger of the Electric Forklift,” IEEE Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, May 2011, pp. 2709-2716.
[18] C. S. Liu, L. R. Chen, B. Z. Li and Z. P. Huang, “The Implementation of A Full-Bridge Phase-Shifted Zero-Voltage-Switching Power Converter,” IEEE Power Electronics and Drive Systems, November 2009, pp. 1173-1177.
[19] S. Mappus, “PWM IC’s AB Output Drive Synchronous Rectifier,” Texas Instruments Power Electronics Technology, February 2003, pp. 52-56.
[20] Vishay Siliconix, “Switching Analysis of Synchronous Rectifier MOSFETs With Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter and Current Double,” Application Note 833, October 2011.
[21] Infineon Technologies, “Design of Phase Shifted Full-Bridge Converter with Current Doubler Rectifier,” Design Note DN 2013-01 V1.0, January 2013.
[22] Texas Instruments, “Control Driven Synchronous Rectifiers In Phase Shifted Full Bridge Converters,” Application Note SLUA287, March 2003.
[23] Texas Instruments, “Using the UCC3895 in a Direct Control Driven Synchronous Rectifiers Applications,” User's Guide SLUU109B, February 2009.
[24] C. Zhao, X. Wu, P. Meng and Z. Qian, “Optimum Design Consideration and Implementation of a Novel Synchronous Rectified Soft-Switched Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter for Low-Output-Voltage High-Output-Current Application,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No. 2, February 2009, pp. 388-397.
[25] P. Alou, J. A. Cobos, O. Garcia, R. Prieto and J. Uceda, “A New Driving Scheme for Synchronous Rectifiers: Single Winding Self-Driven Synchronous Rectification,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 6, November 2001, pp. 803-811.
[26] C. Yan, F. Li, J. Zeng and J. Ying, “A High Efficiency 3KW DC/DC Converter with Novel External Driven Synchronous Rectifier,” IEEE Telecommunications Energy Conference, September 2004, pp. 638-641.
[27] NXP Semiconductors, “TEA1795T GreenChip synchronous rectifier controller,” Product data sheet, November 2010.
[28] L. Hua, J. Guo, X. Jing, N. Mi, R. Chung and S. Luo, “Design Considerations for Secondary Side Synchronous Rectifier MOSFETs in Phase Shifted Full Bridge Converter,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, March 2013, pp. 1048-2334.
[29] D. R. Lopez-Flores, J. L. Duran-Gomez, R. Herrera-Salcedo and J. A. Pineda-Gomez, “Analysis and Design of a Simple Digital Control Algorithm for a Phase-Shift-Full-Bridge DC-DC Power Converter,” IEEE Power Electronics Congress, August 2010, pp. 205-212.
[30] J. H. Cho, H. W. Seong, S. M. Jung, J. S. Park, G. W. Moon and M. J. Youn, “Implementation of Digitally Controlled Phase Shift Full Bridge Converter for Server Power Supply,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, September 2010, pp. 802-809.
[31] Y. S. Lai and K. M. Ho, “FPGA-Based Digital-Controlled Power Converter with Universal Input Meeting 80 Plus Platinum Efficiency Code and Standby Power Code for Sever Power Applications,” IEEE Renewable Energy Research and Applications, November 2012, pp. 1-6.
[32] Y. S. Lai, Z. J. Su and Y. T. Chang, “Novel Phase-Shift Control Technique for Full-Bridge Converter to Reduce Thermal Imbalance under Light-Load Condition,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, No. 99, August 2014, pp. 1.
[33] Microchip Technology Inc., “dsPIC33FJ06GS101/X02 and dsPIC33FJ16GSX02/X04,” Available: http://www.microchip.com.
[34] 曾百由，「數位訊號控制器原理與應用」，宏友圖書開發股份有限公司，民國96年11月。
[35] Microchip Technology Inc., “Implementing FIR and IIR Digital Filters Using PIC18 Microcontrollers,” Application Note AN852, 2002.
[36] Momentum Data Systems Inc., “Filter Design for dsPIC™ DSC Digital Filter Design and Analysis System,” dsPIC Filter Design Reference Guide, 2008.
[37] 劉金琨，「先進PID控制-MATLAB仿真」，電子工業出版社，2007年5月。