臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於無線電波在室內環境中容易受到遮蔽物的影響，這些遮蔽物例如:牆壁、天花板以及傢俱等，使得無線電波經由多重反射、繞射等路徑而到達接收天線，此一現象稱之為多路徑效應(multi-path effect)。由於此效應造成的符際間干擾(InterSymbol Inference,ISI) ，使得通訊位元錯誤率(Bit Error Rate,BER)及失效率(outage probability)增加，亦即通話品質變差。在這篇論文裡，我們將探討室內的金屬傢俱在超寬頻(Ultra-Wide Band,UWB) 通訊上對位元錯誤率的影響。由於室內環境中不同位置的傳送器和接收器，所以我們利用射線彈跳追蹤法(Shooting and Bouncing Ray/image techniques, SBR/Image techniques)和快速反傅立葉轉換(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform,IFFT)技術計算其脈衝響應(impulse responses)。且透過這些多路徑通道的脈衝響應，使用二進制的脈波振幅調變(Binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation,BPAM)方法，進而計算超寬頻通訊系統的位元錯誤率。我們可以從數值結果得知金屬櫃其多路徑對於通訊位元錯誤率性能的影響。此外與木製櫃相比，金屬櫃的多路徑和環境失效率更為嚴重(大約相差18%)。最後，我們發現到目前這些模擬的情形不僅提供了比較的資訊，且更提供了性能減少這值得關注的訊息。

Radio wave is easily effected by obstacles in indoor environments. The obstacles are walls, ceilings, furniture in indoor environment. These obstacles will cause multiple reflection and diffraction of the radio waves and the phenomenon is called as multi-path effect. Due to this multi-path effect, the intersymbol inference (ISI) which increases the bit error rate and outage probability of the communication system occurred. As a result, the quality of communication becomes worse.
The bit error rate (BER) performance for ultra-wide band (UWB) indoor communication with impact of metallic furniture is investigated. The impulse responses of different indoor environments for any transmitter and receiver location are computed by shooting and bouncing ray/image and inverse Fourier transform techniques. By using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the BER performance for binary pulse amplitude modulation (BPAM) impulse radio UWB communication system are calculated. Numerical results have shown that the multi-path effect by the metallic cabinets is an important factor for BER performance. Also the outage probability for the UWB multi-path environment with metallic cabinets is more serious (about 18%) than with wooden cabinets. Finally, it is worth noting that in these cases the present work provides not only comparative information but also quantitative information on the performance reduction.

第一章 概論 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.01
1.1 超寬頻系統簡介 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.01
1.2 研究動機 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.07
1.3 研究內容簡介 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.08
第二章 傳輸通道系統描述 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.09
2.1 無線電波傳播通道分析 •••••••••••••••••••••••P.09
2.2 通道模型分析 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.10
2.2.1 利用何米特法與快速反傅立葉轉換獲得時域響應••••P.12
2.3 系統模擬架構 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.14
2.3.1 發射訊號波形 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.14
2.3.2 位元錯誤率之計算 •••••••••••••••••••••••P.16
第三章 模擬數值結果 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.19
3.1 模擬實驗的環境 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.19
3.2 模擬結果的分析與比較 •••••••••••••••••••••••P.21
第四章 結論 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.35
參考文獻 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.37
附錄 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••P.41
圖目錄
圖1.1：無線通訊技術標準的應用••••••••••••••••••••••P.01
圖1.2：UWB與傳統無線通訊技術的比較••••••••••••••••••P.03
圖2.1:使用MATLAB模擬何米特處理與快速反傅立葉轉換過程•••P.13
圖2.2：二位元脈衝振幅調變位元錯誤率系統架構圖•••••••••P.14
圖2.3：傳送高斯二次微分脈波的波型•••••••••••••••••••P.15
圖2.4：FCC對室內及室外超寬頻系統的頻段及輻射能量限制•••P.16
圖3.1：淡江大學新工學館二樓的微波暨通訊實驗室的3D立體圖P.24
圖3.2：微波暨通訊實驗室中L形障礙物為金屬櫃的平面圖•••••P.25
圖3.3：微波暨通訊實驗室中L形障礙物為木質櫃的平面圖••••P.26
圖3.4.1：接收點Rx1在L形金屬櫃前方的通道脈衝響應•••••••P.27
圖3.4.2：接收點Rx1在L形木質櫃前方的通道脈衝響應••••••P.28
圖3.5.1：接收點Rx2在L形金屬櫃後方的通道脈衝響應•••••••P.29
圖3.5.2:接收點Rx2在L形木質櫃後方的通道脈衝響應••••••••P.30
圖3.6:實驗室中存在金屬櫃或木質櫃其位元錯誤率比較圖•••••P.31
圖3.7:實驗室中存在金屬櫃或木質櫃其失效率比較圖••••••••P.32
圖3.8:直接路徑之均方根延遲擴散比較圖•••••••••••••••••P.33
圖3.9:非直接路徑之均方根延遲擴散比較圖•••••••••••••••P.34
表目錄
表1.1：無線通訊標準之傳輸速率比較•••••••••••••••••••P.04
表1.2：個人區域網路技術比較•••••••••••••••••••••••••P.05
表3.1：直接路徑之均方根延遲擴散統計分析••••••••••••••P.33
表3.2：非直接路徑之均方根延遲擴散統計分析••••••••••••P.34

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