臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣製造業對GDP的貢獻一路從1990年代的40%，下滑至2010的31%。當一個國家製造業不斷外移，會使得新興產業失去發芽的機會。再者，隨著環境日益競爭，也不斷地挑戰企業的核心價值。因此企業如何建立對企業的認同，提供信任感的環境，有效的知識分享將個人的知識轉化為組織的知識，永續傳承，是現今全球競爭環境下，管理者需要審慎思考的重要議題。
本研究是根據Morgan＆Hunt(1994)所提出之理論，以信任-關係承諾為主要中介變數，來探討企業文化、知識分享意圖與信任、關係承諾之間的關係與影響，來驗證『信任-關係承諾』理論模型是否適用於製造業。本研究採用問卷調查的方法，以國內製造業員工為調查對象，以網路與紙本問卷為主，總共發放600份問卷，回收有效問卷共489份，問卷回收率為91.74%。本研究以SPSS統計軟體分析，透過敘述性統計、因素分析、信度分析以及迴歸分析來驗證本研究各構面之影響關係，歸納結論如下：
1、企業文化對關係承諾、信任或知識分享意圖皆有顯著的正向影響。
2、製造業員工間的關係承諾與信任有顯著的正向影響。
3、製造業員工的關係承諾、信任對知識分享意圖有顯著的正向影響。
4、企業文化會透過關係承諾、信任對知識分享意圖有顯著的中介效果。
由此可知，製造業員工藉對其企業文化的認同、彼此的關係承諾與信任的重要因素，可提升彼此之間知識分享的意圖，維持長期的關係，有助於增加產業的競爭能力。

關鍵字：企業文化、信任-關係承諾、知識分享意圖

To provide a secure environment for employees to be willing to share their personal knowledge is one of the basic conditions for the success of continuous enterprise development. Based on this concept, this study is about invesgating employees’ attitude toward corporate culture, relationship commitment, trust, knowledge-sharing intention and the interrelationship among the above four.
Six hundred pieces of questionnaires were issued to the employees of domestic manufacturing industry and 489 pieces valid samples collected for the following data analysis. Four primary finding are as follows. First, corporate culture significantly influences relationship commitment and trust. 2. Relationship commitment is positively affects by trust. 3. Trust and relationship significantly influence knowledge- sharing intention in manufacturing industry. 4. Corporate culture significantly influences knowledge-sharing intention through relationship commitment and trust.
According to the above conclusions, suggestions are provided for companies to promote activities of knowledge sharing : 1. Establish trust and commitment among employees. 2. Establish coherence among employees to strengthen corporate culture and knowledge sharing. 3. Encourage employees to convert tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.

Keywords: Corporate culture, Relationship commitment, Trust, Knowledge sharing

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究範疇與研究目的 4
第三節 研究方法與流程 5
第二章 文獻回顧與探討 6
第一節 信任-關係承諾 6
第二節 企業文化 15
第三節 知識分享意圖 23
第四節 各構面關係研究 32
第三章 研究方法 37
第一節 研究架構 37
第二節 研究假設 38
第三節 操作性定義與問卷設計 39
第四節 抽樣與樣本發放 44
第五節 資料分析工具 45
第四章 研究結果與分析 48
第一節 敘述性統計 48
第二節 因素分析 51
第三節 信度分析 58
第四節 獨立樣本T檢定 63
第五節 單因子變異數分析 67
第六節 各構面之迴歸分析 82
第七節 構面變項之中介效果分析 93
第五章 研究結論與後續建議 98
第一節 研究結論 98
第二節 管理意涵 103
第三節 研究限制 105
第四節 未來研究建議 106
參考文獻 107
附錄：研究問卷 119

丁虹, 司徒達賢, ＆ 吳靜吉. (1988). 企業文化與組織承諾之關係研究. 管理評論, 7, 173-197.

王思峰, 林于荻, ＆ 陳禹辰. (2003). 組識文化如何影響知識分享之探索性個案研究. 臺大管理論叢, 13(2), 59-99.

王星禹. (2010). 以信任-關係承諾理論探討合作意願及知識分享意圖-以台灣金融產業為例. 成功大學.

王美音, ＆ 楊子江（譯）. (2000). 創新求勝: 智價企業論. 台北市: 遠流.

吳有順. (2000). 網路社群知識分享過程之研究— 以企業管理教學網站為例. 台北.

吳志明, 朱素玥, ＆ 方文昌. (2006). 供應鏈關係中信任與承諾影響因素之研究－交易成本及社會交換理論觀點. 資訊管理學報, 13(S), 91-118.

吳萬益. (2008). 企業研究方法. 台北: 華泰文化事業股份有限公司.

吳萬益, 鍾振輝, ＆ 江正信. (1999). 企業文化, 組織運作, 製造策略與經營績效之關係研究. 中華管理評論》, Nov, 2.

呂長民. (2013). 體驗行銷認知與關係強度之間關聯影響因素：滿意度、關係連結、信任與承諾之探討. 觀光與休閒管理期刊, 1(1), 77-96.

宋曦光. (1989). 組織承諾對組織效能的影響--以高科技 (電腦軟體) 廠商為實證研究的對象. 國立交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文, 新竹市.

汪金城. (2001). 研發機構知識分享機制之研究-以工研院光電所研發團隊為例. 未出版碩士論文, 國立政治大學, 台北.

林于荻. (2001). 組織文化如何影響知識分享之探索性研究. 台北,台灣.

林東清. (2003). 知識管理, 智勝文化事業有限公司.

林資傑. (2012). 以關係承諾觀點探討使用者參與企業微網誌社群之行為. 國立中山大學, 高雄市.

邱皓政. (2010). 量化研究與統計分析. 台北: 五南圖書出版股份有限公司.

洪源陽. (2004). 供應管理導向, 供應商績效, 信任, 承諾關連性之研究. 國立中正大學會計與資訊科技研究所碩士論文, 嘉義縣.

徐其力. (2002). 組織文化對知識分享之影響研究. 彰化師範大學, 彰化縣.

張宦民. (2004). 組織文化、主管領導型態、員工工作滿意度對企業創新能力之影響─以臺灣上市電線電纜公司為例. 國立成功大學, 台南市.

張鴻文, ＆ 古永嘉. (2009). 被投資公司行為對創業投資人關係投資影響之研究－信任與承諾的中介效果. 東吳經濟商學學報(66), 33-67.

郭士豪. (2010). 以社會交換理論觀點為基礎探討組織文化對個人知識分享意圖之影響. 成功大學.

陳慧芬. (1998). 組織文化的意義與功能. 台中師院學報, 12, 1-21.

曾俊源. (2009). 組織文化、組織學習與知識分享關係之研究–以台灣製造業為例. 長榮大學, 台南市.

黃睿祺. (2012). 提升醫院形象之探討-以「信任-關係承諾」理論觀點. 國立東華大學, 花蓮縣.

黃銘廷. (2002). 公務人員知識分享意願、組織信任與組織文化之關係研究. 國立台灣科技大學, 台北市.

勤業管理顧問公司. (2000). 知識管理的第一本書-運用知識管理提升企業核心能力 (劉京偉, Trans.): 商周出版, 城邦文化發行.

葉靜雯. (2009). 組織信任、知識分享與智慧資本之關聯性研究－以高科技產業為例. 明新科技大學, 新竹縣.

廖述賢, 費吳琛, ＆ 王儀雯. (2006). 信任關係、工作滿足與知識分享關聯性之研究. 人力資源管理學報 (秋季號), 第6卷(第3期), 23-44.

榮泰生, ＆ 曾志誠. (2011). 信任、承諾、溝通對合作績效關係影響之研究－以台灣聯貸市場為例. Journal of Data Analysis, 6(3), 84-104

蔡俊良. (1994). 組織文化、員工生涯定位與其生涯發展需求、工作滿意度之相關研究. 國立彰化師範大學, 彰化縣.

鄭安伶. (2009). 桃園縣國民中學學校組織文化與教師社會資本關係之研究. 國立臺灣師範大學, 台北市.

鄭伯壎, ＆ 郭建志. (2001). 組織文化-員工層次分析 (初版 ed.). 臺北市: 遠流出版事業股份有限公司.

蘇永富. (2001). 轉換型領導, 組織承諾與組織公民行為關係之研究-以派外人員為例. 高雄: 國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文.

顧康寧, ＆ 謝效昭. (2006). 組織文化, 員工溝通滿足與組織信任之關聯探討---以航運業為例. 航運季刊, 15(3), 21-39.

Anderson, E., ＆ Weitz, B. (1992). The Use of Pledges to Build and Sustain Commitment in Distribution Channels. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1), 18-34.

Anderson, J. C., ＆ Narus, J. A. (1990). A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships. Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 42-58.

Anvari, R. (2010). Commitment, Involvement and Satisfaction in Relationship Marketing Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 1(11), 51-70.

Back, K., Lee, C., ＆ J, A. (2010). Internal Relationship Marketing: Korean Casino Employees' Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52(2), 111-124.

Bauer, H. H., Grether, M., ＆ Leach, M. (2002). Building customer relations over the Internet. Industrial Marketing Management, 31(2), 155-163.

Beazley, H., Boenisch, J., ＆ Harden, D. (2002). Continuity management: Preserving corporate knowledge and productivity when employees leave: John Wiley ＆ Sons.

Beckman, T. (1997). Implementing the Knowledge Organization in Government,Paper and Presentation. 10th National Conference on Federal Quality.

Berry, L. L. (2000). Relationship Marketing of Services Growing Interest Emerging Perspectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 236-245.

Bhatt, G. D. (1998). Managing knowledge through people. Knowledge and Process Management, 5(3), 165-171.

Cameron, K. S. (1985). Cultural congruence, strength, and type : relationships to effectiveness. Ann Arbor, MI: School of Business Administration, University of Michigan.

Chiavenato. (1999). Administração nos novos tempos: os novos horizontes da administração. Campus: Rio de Janeiro.

Ciborra, C., ＆ Patriotta, G. (1998). Groupware and Teamwork in R and D: Limits to Learning and Innovation. R＆D Management, 28(1), 43-52.

Cote, J., ＆ Latham, C. (2002). Hidden costs in the physician-insurer relationship. Journal of health care finance, 30(2), 30-36.

Crosby, L. A., Evans, K. R., ＆ Cowles, D. (1990). Relationship Quality in Services Selling: an Interpersonal Influence Perspective. Journal of Marketing, 28(July), 68-81.

Cullen, H. M., ＆ Demenocal, P. B. (2000). North Atlantic influence on Tigris–Euphrates streamflow. International Journal of Climatology, 20(8), 853-863.

Cullen, J. B., Johnson, J. L., ＆ Sakano, T. (1995). Japanese and local partner commitment to IJVs: Psychological consequences of outcomes and investments in the IJV relationship. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(1), 91-115.

Davenpoit, T. H., De Long, D. W., ＆ Beers, M. C. (1998). Successful Knowledge Management Projects. Sloan Management Review, 39(2), 43-57.

Davenport, T. H., ＆ Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know: Harvard Business Press.

Deal, T. E., ＆ Kennedy, A. A. (2000). Corporate cultures : the rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley.

Dretske, F. I. (1981). Knowledge ＆ the flow of information. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

DuPont, R. (1998). Relationship marketing: A strategy for consumer-owned utilities in a restructured industry. Management Quarterly, 38(4), 11.

Enz, C. A. (1988). The role of value congruity in intraorganizational power. Administrative science quarterly, 284-304.

Fraser, K., ＆ Novak, J. (1998). Managing the empowerment of employees to address issues of inter-employee co-operation, communication and work redesign. Learning Organization, The, 5(3), 109-120.

Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of Long-Term Orientation in Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 1-19.

Ganesan, S., Brown, S. P., Mariadoss, B. J., ＆ Ho, H. (2010). Buffering and Amplifying Effects of Relationship Commitment in Business-to-Business Relationships. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 47(2), 361-373.

Garbarino, E., ＆ Johnson, M. (1999). The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(April), 70-87.

Glasser, P. (1998). The knowledge factor— knowledge Management. CIO Magazine, 12(6), 108-114.

Gruen, T. W., Summers, J. O., ＆ Acito, F. (2000). Relationship Marketing Activities, Commitment, and Membership Behaviors in Professional Associations. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 34-49.

Gulati, R., Khanna, T., ＆ Nohria, N. (1994). Unilateral Commitments and the Importance of Process in Alliances. MIT Sloan Management Review, 35(3), 61-69.

Hair, J. F. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., ＆ Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed. ed.). NJ: Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs.

Hampton, D. R., Webber, R. A., ＆ Summer, C. E. (1987). Organizational behavior and the practice of management (5th ed ed.). Glenview, Ill: Scott, Foresman.

Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and process management, 6(2), 91-100.

Henri, J.-F. (2006). Organizational culture and performance measurement systems. [Article]. Accounting, Organizations ＆ Society, 31(1), 77-103.

Hidding, G. J., ＆ Catterall, S. M. (1998). Anatomy of a learning organization: Turning knowledge into capital at Andersen Consulting. Knowledge and Process Management, 5(1), 3-13.

Hinds, P. J., ＆ Pfeffer, J. (2003). Why organizations don’t “know what they know: Cognitive and motivational factors affecting the transfer of expertise. Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledge management, 3-26.

Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behaviour : its elementary forms. New York: Harcourt Brace and World.

Investopedia. ( 2014). Corporate Culture. Retrieved June 16, 2014, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-culture.asp

Jarvenpaa, S. L., ＆ Staples, D. S. (2001). Exploring Perceptions of Organizational Ownership of Information and Expertise. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 151-183.

Jones, G. R., ＆ George, J. M. (1998). The experience and evolution of trust: Implications for cooperation and teamwork. Academy of management review, 23(3), 531-546.

Kaiser, H. (1970). A second generation little jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401-415.

Kim, K., ＆ Frazier, G. L. (1997). Measurement of distributor commitment in industrial channels of distribution. Journal of Business Research, 40(2), 139-154.

Kimball, F. (1998). Shedding light on knowledge work learning. The Journal for Quality ＆ Participation, 21(4), 8-16.

Lee, S. K. J., ＆ Yu, K. (2004). Corporate culture and organizational performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(4), 340-359.

Liao, S. H., Chang, J. C., Cheng, S. C., ＆ Kuo, C. M. (2004). Employee relationship and knowledge sharing: A case study of a Taiwanese finance and securities firm. Knowledge Management Research ＆ Practice, 2(1), 24-34.

Madhok, A. (1995). Revisiting Multinational Firms' Tolerance for Joint Ventures: A Trust-Based Approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(1), 117-137.

Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., ＆ Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.

McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 24-59.

Meyer, J. P., ＆ Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace theory, research, and application. from http://site.ebrary.com/id/10716050

Miles, R. E., Coleman, H. J., ＆ Creed, W. E. D. (1995). Key to Success in Corporate Redesign. California Management Review, 37(3), 128-145.

Mohr, J., ＆ Spekman, P. (1994). Characteristics of Partnership Success: Partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conflict resolution techniques. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), 133-152.

Moorman, C., Deshpandé, R., ＆ Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors Affecting Trust in Market Research Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 81-101.

Morgan, R. M., ＆ Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.

Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., ＆ Steers, R. (1982). Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover: San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Musen, M. A. (1992). Dimensions of knowledge sharing and reuse. Computers and biomedical research, 25(5), 435-467.

Ngwenyama, O., ＆ Nielsen, P. A. (2003). Competing values in software process improvement: an assumption analysis of CMM from an organizational culture perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 50(1), 100-112.

Nonaka, I. T. H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company : How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory: McGraw-Hill.

Nunnally, J. C., ＆ Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Osterloh, M., ＆ Frey, B. S. (2000). Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization science, 11(5), 538-550.

Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., Grewal, D., ＆ Evans, K. R. (2006). Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Relationship Marketing: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 136-153.

Pettigrew, A. M. (1979). On Studying Organizational Cultures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 570-581.

Preffer, J., ＆ Robert, I. S. (1999). Knowing “whatto do is not enough: turning knowledge into action. California Management Review, 42(1), 83-108.

Pressey, A. D., ＆ Mathews, B. P. (1998). Relationship marketing and retailing: comfortable bedfellows? International Journal of Customer Relationship Management, 1(1), 39-53.

Quinn, J. B., Anderson, P., ＆ Finkelstein, S. (1998). Managing professional intellect: making the most of the best. The strategic Management of Intellectual capital, 87-100.

Robbins, S. P. (1990). Organization Theory: Structures, Designs, and Applications (Third ed.). NJ, Prentice Hall.

Rousseau, D., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R., ＆ Camerer, C. (1998). Not so Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 393-404.

Ryu, S., Ho, S. H., ＆ Han, I. (2003). Knowledge sharing behavior of physicians in hospitals. Expert Systems with Applications, 25(1), 113-122.

Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Schein, E. H. (1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45(2), 109-119.

Schultz, H., ＆ Yang, D. J. (1997). Pour Your Heart into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time. Hyperion Books, NY 10023.

Senge, P. (1997). Sharing knowledge: the leader's role is key to a learning culture. Executive Excellence, 14, 17-17.

Stauffer, D. (1991). Why people hoard knowledge. Across the board, 36(8), 16-21.

Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The new organizational wealth: Managing ＆ measuring knowledge-based assets: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Tolfo, C., ＆ Wazlawick, R. S. (2008). The influence of organizational culture on the adoption of extreme programming. Journal of Systems and Software, 81(11), 1955-1967.

Tuchenor, P. J., Donohue, G. A., ＆ Olien, C. N. (1970). Mass Media Flow and Differentia Growth in Knowledge. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34, 159-170.

Van den Hooff, B., ＆ De Leeuw van Weenen, F. (2004). Committed to share: commitment and CMC use as antecedents of knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 11(1), 13-24.

Wallach, E. J. (1983). Individuals and Organizations: The Cultural Match. Training ＆ Development Journal, 37(2), 28-36.

Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., ＆ Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of management review, 23(3), 513-530.

Wilson, D. T. (1995). An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(1), 1-12.