臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要在金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥(Spent forest mushroom compost,
SFMC), 香菇太空包廢棄堆肥(Spent golden mushroom compost)與荷蘭泥
炭苔(Bas Van Burren No.4, BVB No.4)中,分別添加不同濃度的紙漿污
泥(Papermill sludge)作為培育西瓜,番茄,甘藍與甜椒種苗的介質,結果
發現在金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥中,添加10%或25%(v/v)以上的紙漿污泥時,
分別不利於甜椒及甘藍幼苗的發育;至於添加50%(v/v)以上的紙漿污泥時,
則會顯著抑制西瓜與番茄搖幼苗的生長. 在香菇太空包廢棄堆肥中,添
加5%(v/v)紙漿污泥時,可顯著提高西瓜與甜椒種苗的鮮重;而添加50%(v/
v)以上的紙漿污泥時,西瓜,番茄,甘藍與田椒均明顯受阻. 此外,在荷蘭泥
炭苔中,隨著紙漿污泥添加濃度的增加,西瓜,番茄,甘藍與甜椒種苗的鮮
重,卻均呈現遞減的趨勢. 將75%(v/v)金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥(SGMC),香菇
太空包廢棄堆肥(SFMC)與荷蘭泥炭苔(BVB No.4),分別加入25%(v/v)紙漿
污泥(PMS)後,均勻調製成SGMC75,SFMC75與BVB No.4等三種蔬菜種苗栽培
介質,隨後分別將西瓜蔓割病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum),十
字花科蔬菜根瘤病菌(Plasmodiophora brassicae),甘藍黃葉病菌(
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans),立枯絲核菌(Rhizoctonia
solani AG-4),南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)及根腐病菌(
Pythium myriotylum)接種於SGMC,SGMC75,SFMC,SFMC75,BVB,BVB75與PMS
等七種介質中,經播種西瓜,番茄,甘藍與甜椒種子 30天後,發現除BVB與
BVB75兩介質均具有顯抑制西瓜蔓割病,甘藍根瘤病與西瓜,番茄,甘藍及甜
椒根瘤線蟲病等效果,惟僅有SFMC介質具有抑制甘藍黃葉病發生的功效.
此外,SFMC及SFMC75介質尚具有抑制番茄根腐病的效果. 然而,上述七種介
質卻無法有效降低甘藍.甜椒與西瓜立枯病的發生.香菇太空包廢棄堆肥(
SFMC)據有顯著抑制Pythium myriotylum為害番茄幼苗的功效. SFMC的浸
出液,經過攝氏40至100度的溫度處理10分鐘後,均仍具有抑制P.
Myriotylum形成藏卵器及藏精器的效果,惟將SFMC浸出液稀釋5倍以上,就
不再具有抑制P. myriotylum形成藏卵器與藏精器的功效.SFMC 的組成分
中,雜木鋸屑(SA),米糠(RC),黃豆粉(SM)及碳酸鈣(CC)的浸出液均可抑制
P. myriotylum形成藏卵器與藏精器.然而僅米糠及黃豆粉兩者的浸出液可
顯著抑制游走子的發芽管長度.SFMC,RC及SM的浸出液可顯著抑制游走子的
發芽管長度. SFMC,RC及SM的浸出液以1N NaOH或HCl調整酸鹼值為4.0-8.0
時,均具有抑制P.Myriotylum形成藏卵器與藏精器及抑制游走子的發芽管
長度,尤其在酸鹼蔬?C於4.5時,它們的抑制效果最好. 利用高效能液相層
析儀檢測SFMC,RC,SM的浸出液時,發現三者在分析運轉至38.48分時均具有
抑制P. myriotylum的游走子的發芽及發芽管長度.由光學顯微鏡觀察發現
在SFMC栽種的番茄根系比種在BVB No.4者更具有抗拒P. Myriotylum侵入
根內部組織的效果.其中在SFMC栽種的番茄根表皮細胞內充塞有棕褐色的
物質,惟在BVB No.4栽種者,卻無此現象.觀鍵詞:香菇太空包廢棄堆肥,金
針菇太空包廢棄堆肥,紙漿污泥,荷蘭泥炭苔,番茄根腐病菌,高效能液相層
析儀.

Several agricultural and industrial wastes such as spent
forest mushroomcompost (SFMC), spent golden mushroom compost
(SGMC),and papermill sludge(PMS) were used to formulate culture
media for growth of watermelon, tomato,pepper and cabbage
seedlings. SFMC or SGMC mixed with 5-25% (v/v) PMS wasoptimal
for culturing the vegetable seedlings. However, SFMC or SGMC
mixed with50-75%(v/v)PMS was unfavorable to grow the vegetable
seedlings and significantly reduced their fresh weight.SFMC,
SGMC and BVB No.4 were respectively mixed withd 25% PMS to
formulate culture media of SFMC75, SGMC75 and BVB75 for growth
of the vegetable seedlinge. Then Fusarium oxysporium oxysporum
f. sp. niveum, Plasmodiophora brassicae, F. oxysporum f. sp.
conglutinans, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Meloidogyne incognita and
Pythium myriotylum were respectively inoculated into the culture
media of SFMC, SFMC75, SGMC, SGMC75, BVB No.4, BVB75 and PMS.
Except for BVB No.4 andBVB 75, media of SGMC, SGMC75, SFMC,
SFMC75 and PMS were effective to inhibitthe occurrence of
watermelon fusarial wilt, cabbage clubroot, root-knot nematode
diseases of watermelon, tomato and pepper, and Pythium root rot
of tomato and watermelon.However, those media were not able to
suppress Rhizoctonia damping-off of tomato, watermelon and
pepper. SFMC was effective to protect tomato seedlinga from
infection of P. myriotylum. The filtrates extracted from SFMC
Could inhibit markedly formation of oogonia and antheridia of P.
myriotylum and reduce germ tube length of the pathogen. SFMC was
consisted of sawdust(SA), rice chaff(RC), Soybean meal(SM) and
calcium carbonate(CC). The filtrates extracted from RC and SM
were as sameeffective as same effective as from SFMC to reduce
germination and germ tubelength of encysted zoospores of the
pathogen, but was not the filtrate from SA. Filtrates of SFMC,
RC and SM had the same extractive substances were alsoeffective
to reduce germ tube length of encysted zoospores of the
pathogen.key words: agriculture wasts, papermill sludge, culture
media.