臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

預力混凝土常用於橋梁工程，預力損失的預測是橋梁設計的重要因素之一。對於橋梁而言，溫度的影響也是不可忽視的。本研究旨在探討後拉法預鑄節塊墩柱與箱型梁在施完預力後之混凝土應變變化及相關預力損失，並探討溫度造成之軸向變化。本研究以高雄港聯外高架橋新生路北段第四單元(U4)為研究對象，進行預鑄節塊墩柱與箱梁的長期監測，同時預估有效預力及橡膠支承墊之變形，並與設計單位所提供之設計值比對。
在預力損失評估中，P13~P16墩柱在施完預力後616天，其預力損失為1085~1340 kgf/cm2，佔初始預力之7.6~9.3%；B14跨橋梁在施預力後365天的內置預力損失為935~1758kgf/cm2，佔初始預力的5.77% ~ 10.85%；外置預力損失為982kgf/cm2，佔初始預力的6.85%，三者均在設計容許值以內。溫度在春、夏季，平均早晚的溫差約5℃左右的況下，溫度會對節塊造成約45×10-6之應變，整個橋體會因此產生約9.3mm的伸長變化，反映到橡膠支承墊的變形。

SUMMARY
Prestressed concrete is usually used for bridge structures, and the prediction of prestress losses is one of the main factors considered in the design of bridge. As for bridge, the effect on the temperature is also can’t be overlook. This thesis aims at studying the long-term change and prestress losses of post-tensioning precast segmental pier column and box-girder after prestressing. The thermal deformation of box girder is also studied. In experimental study, the prestress losses in 5-span unit of Kaohsiung Port Viaduct and the displacement of the temperature effect to the bridge was monitored and compared with design code.
In the evaluation of pretress losses, the pier columns had generated 1085~1340 kgf/cm2 prestress losses within 616 days after prestressing, which is 7.6~9.3% of the initial prestress. The box-girder in span B14 generated 910~1740 kgf/cm2 internal prestress losses, accounting for 5.6%~10.7% of the initial prestress and 960 kgf/cm2 external prestress losses, accounting for 6.7% of the initial prestress within 388 days. The average temperature change day and night in Spring and Summer has about 5 ℃, which is 45 ×10-6 concrete strain of box girder and 9.3mm longitudinal movement at LRB of the 5 span unit.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
符號表 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究範疇 1
1-3 高雄港聯外高架橋體簡介 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 混凝土之長期應變混凝土之長期應變 4
2-2 混凝土乾縮與潛變預測模式 10
2-2-1 乾縮預測模式 10
2-2-2 潛變預測模式 18
2-3 預力損失 27
2-3-1 短期預力損失 29
2-3-2 長期預力損失 37
2-3-3 AASHTO 規範預力損失預測模式 38
2-4 振弦式應變計 40
2-5 國外箱型梁長期監測之案例 44
第三章 試驗規劃及試驗方法 48
3-1 試驗規劃 48
3-1-1 預鑄外置預力轉向塊節塊在施工中之監測規劃 48
3-1-2 預鑄箱梁外置預力轉向塊節塊 56
3-1-3 應變計安裝位置 58
3-2 試驗試體製作 62
3-3 試驗設備與材料試驗 66
3-3-1 靜態位移計的架設 66
3-3-2 混凝土材料抗壓強度及彈性模數試驗 73
第四章 結果與討論 77
4-1 混凝土材料之力學性質 77
4-1-1 抗壓強度與彈性模數發展 77
4-2 墩柱與箱梁預鑄節塊施預力後長期變形 86
4-2-1墩柱節塊之長期監測 86
4-2-1-1 墩柱節塊之長期應變發展 86
4-2-1-2 有效預力計算與評估 92
4-2-2 箱梁節塊之長期監測 101
4-2-2-1 箱梁節塊之長期應變發展 101
4-2-2-2 預力損失與有效預力之計算與評估 105
4-3預鑄外置預力轉向塊節塊在施工中之應變發展 127
4-3-1 預力施拉分析階段 127
4-3-2 預力後之長期分析階段 132
4-4 箱梁節塊的混凝土長期應變 136
4-4-1箱梁節塊16天的應變及溫度長期變化 136
4-4-1-1節塊內部溫度與外部氣溫比較 141
4-4-2 箱梁節塊3天之應變與溫度短期變化 145
4-4-3 混凝土之溫度膨脹係數 155
4-5 靜態位移計之墩柱頂部LRB的位移變化 158
4-5-1 外部位移計變化與節塊應變變化之討論 158
4-5-2 外部位移計長期變化之討論 163
第五章 結論 166
參考文獻 170

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