臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

排放量削減策略研擬之依據。煙道樣品之採集係以一套具備冷凝系統之氣固相PAHs採樣設備為之，而21種PAHs之分析，主要以氣相層析質譜儀（GC/MS）為之。所得之主要成果彙整如下： (1).畜牧場焚化爐因為燃燒室溫度較低，造成物料表面不完全燃燒，導致大量之PAHs生成，排氣中之總PAHs濃度介於339∼ 1262 μg/Nm3之間，平均濃度為636 μg/Nm
3，分別是家畜畜疾病防治所及醫療機構的1.1倍及1.6倍，良好之焚化效率及控制設備對P AHs之排放有相當之助益。 (2).由PAHs煙道採樣系統中氣相、粒狀物相、冷凝水及管線殘留PAHs之質量分佈比例顯示，各焚化爐均以氣相為主，固相次之，冷凝水及殘留於管線部份所佔之比例較小。而氣相PAHs中均以二環之Nap所佔之比例最高，分別是畜牧場（75.
9 %）、家畜疾病防治所（56.1 %）及醫療機構（84.4 %）。 (3).畜牧場焚化爐煙道廢氣中，總PAHs之排放係數在51.8∼ 1140 mg/kg-屍體之間，平均值為285 mg/kg-屍體。家畜疾病防治所焚化爐總PAHs之排放係數範圍介於0.345∼ 8.14 mg/kg-屍體之間，平均值為2.86 mg/kg-屍體。醫療機構焚化爐煙道中總PAHs之排放係數在1.96∼ 12.8 mg/kg-屍體之間，平均值為4.96 mg/kg-屍體。 (4).各焚化爐煙道中總PAHs之平均排放率分別：
畜牧場為26.2 mg/min；家畜疾病防治所為8.94 mg/min；醫療廢棄物焚化爐為8.48 mg/min。家畜疾病防治所及醫療廢棄物焚化爐煙道中之PAHs除Nap外，其他20種PAHs之排放率均在1 mg/min以下。 (5).醫療廢棄物焚化爐底灰中總PAHs之含量在310∼ 562 ng/g之間，其平均值為畜牧場及家畜疾病防治所的0.58 及0.89 倍。 (6). 畜牧場焚化爐濕式洗滌塔之洗滌液中，液相PAHs分佈之37.9~ 83.4 %之間，平均值為55.2 %，液相中之PAHs以環數較小者分佈之比例較高；固相分佈之比例範圍為16.7~ 62.1 %，平均為44.8 %。醫療廢棄物焚化爐濕式洗滌塔之液固相PAHs分佈之差異不大，而大致上仍有隨PAHs環數增加其在固相上之比例有增加之趨勢。 (7). 各焚化爐之煙道是其PAHs之主要排放管道；兩座動物屍體焚化爐各排放管道中排出之個別PAHs，低環數者以煙道為主要排放途徑；隨環數之增加，其在底灰中之PAHs含量亦增加。而醫療廢棄物焚化爐各排放管道排出之個別PAHs中，二、三、六及七環之PAHs主要以煙道排氣為主，而四及五環PAHs則主要由底灰排放。

The objective of this research is to investigate the emission characteristics of PAHs from two livestock waste
incinerators and one batch-type medical waste incinerator in Pingtung County.
The results of this study can be used to estimate the emissions, and establish the regulation and emission reduction strategy. The flue gas samples were taken by a gas-particle phase PAHs sampling instrument with a condensing system.
Twenty-one constituents of PAHs were analyzed by the GC/MS. The primary results of This study were summarized as follows: (1).Since incomplete combustion resulted from the lower temperature, a great amount of PAHs was observed
in the emissions of hog farm incinerator. The total-PAHs concentrations ranged from 339 to 1262 (g/Nm3 and averaged 636 (g/Nm3 in the stack flue gas. The mean value of the hog farm incinerator was approximately 1.1 and 1.6 times of magnitude higher than those of the livestock disease control center and medica medical waste incinerator, respectively. (2).The stack fluesample was divided into four parts: gas phase, particle phase, water from cooling device and rinse sol solution of pipe. The results show that the gaseous PAHs were more abundant than the particulate PAHs for three incinerators. Few PAHs were resided in the sa sampling duct or condensed liquid. The fraction of Nap in gas phase were 75.9 % , 56.1 % and 84.4 % for the hog farm, livestock disease control center and the
medical waste incinerator, respectively. (3).The mean values of the total-PAHs emission factor were 285, 2.86 and 4.96 mg/Kg-waste in the stack flue gas of hog farm, livestock disease control center and the medical waste incinerato
incinerator, respectively. Comparison of the individual PAHs distribution, Nap displayed the highest mean values for three incinerators. (4).The total-PAHs emission rates were averaged 26.2 mg/min, 8.94 mg/min and 8.48 mg/min for the hog farm
, livestock disease control center and the medical waste incinerator, respecti respectively. In the stack flue gas samples of the livestock disease cocenter and the hospital, the emission rates of twenty-one individual PAHs, except Nap, were
below 1 mg/min. (5).The mass concentrations of PAHs in the bottom ashes from a medical waste incinerator were ranged between 310 and 562 ng/g. The mean value was approximately 0.58 and 0.89 times of those for the livestock disease
control center and the hospital, respectively. (6).The mass percentage of liquid phase PAHs mass emitted from the hog farm incinerator were ranged between 37.9 and 83.4 % and averaged 55.2 % by effluent from wet scrubber. The mass percentage of solid phase PAHs emitted from the same incinerator were ranged
from 16.7 to 62.1 % and averaged 44.8 % by effluent from wet scrubber. Lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs has a higher fraction in liquid phase than that in the solid phase. There were no decidedly difference from the liquid and solid phase PAHs for the effluent from wet scrubber of medical waste incinerator.
(7).The predominant PAHs were the LMW PAHs from the stack gas for two livestock waste incinerators. The amount of PAHs in bottom ashes tends to increase with the increase of the ring number of PAHs.From the results obtained in this investigation, a group of 2, 3, 6 and 7-ring PAHs were observed in the flue gas from a medical waste incinerator. In the bottom ashes, the 4 and 5-ring PAHs were present as a major product in the PAHs group.