臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著地球資源日漸枯竭，全球暖化議題被高度重視下，導致物料、環境等成本所占企業總成本的比重不斷增加。因此，如何達到物盡其用、減少資源的浪費以及如何利用資源回收與再生來降低相關的物料成本，使企業利潤最大化，皆是企業在提升市場競爭力上所需考量的重點。故本研究以可回收性商品之存貨系統為基本架構，針對廢紙回收與廢紙再製造兩部分，分別從廢紙回收商與造紙商之觀點，考量彼此雙方成本條件下，推導出買賣雙方各自利潤函數，並分別求出廢紙回收商最適回收價格、造紙商向原木漿供應商與廢紙回收商訂購原木漿與回收廢紙的經濟訂購量與經濟生產批量，以及生產工業用紙之原木漿與回收紙漿之混料比例，以求彼此利潤最大化之決策模型。

In recent years, due to the depletion of resource on the earth and the highly emphasized topics of global warming, the environmental expense and raw materials cost are increasing in total cost of the business operation. In order to enhance the competitiveness and maximize the profit, enterprises need to think of how to make the most of the resource; minimize the squander; and reduce the material cost by manipulating a recyclable and renewable system. This study is based on a recyclable goods inventory system, focusing on the recycling and remanufacturing of waste papers, and formulizing the waste paper collector’s and manufacturer’s profit by considering their cost individually. Following, a mathematical model is developed to obtain the optimal recycling price of collector, and the manufacturer’s EOQ and EPQ to both of wood pulp supplier and collector will be calculated accordingly. And this will help to figure out the blending proportion of raw wood pulp to recycled paper pulp in industrial usage paper. In the end, a decision model is formulated to maximize the profit of each party.

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 IV
圖表索引 VII
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與限制 3
1.3 研究流程與架構 3
2. 文獻探討 6
2.1 逆向物流的定義 6
2.2 可回收商品之存貨系統 9
2.3 回收廢紙再製造存貨模式文獻之回顧 13
2.3.1 回收廢紙再製造相關議題 13
2.3.2 廢紙回收率之制定 16
2.4 小結 18
3. 廢紙回收再生產之回收商決策模型 20
3.1 模式概念與運作流程 20
3.2 研究假設與符號定義 21
3.3 模式建構 23
3.4 需求率之情境說明 28
3.4.1 需求率為常數之情境 28
3.4.2 需求率為常數之範例說明 30
3.4.3 需求率為週期函數實際效用之評估 32
3.4.4 需求率為週期函數之情境 35
3.4.5 需求率為週期函數之範例說明 40
3.5 小結 42
4. 廢紙回收再生產之造紙商混料決策模型 44
4.1 模式概念與運作流程 44
4.2 研究假設與符號定義 47
4.3 模式建構 49
4.4 需求率之情境說明 59
4.4.1 需求率為常數之情境 59
4.4.2 需求率為常數之範例說明 64
4.4.3 需求率為週期函數之情境 68
4.4.4 需求率為週期函數之範例說明 73
4.5 小結 77
5. 結論與未來研究方向 79
5.1 本研究結論 79
5.2 研究貢獻 80
5.3 未來研究方向 81
參考文獻 82
中文部分 82
英文部分 83
網站部分 85
作者簡介 86

中文部分
台灣造紙工業統計(2008)，台灣區造紙工業同業公會。
李思漢(2005)，「考慮回收機制下再生物料混合比例之最佳生產模式」，國立臺灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。
谷雲川(1991)，「廢紙回收對紙張品質的影響」，漿與紙11(9)，pp.19-24。
林俊宏(2008)，「回收廢紙再製造之逆物流存貨模式」，碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學，工業管理研究所。
張智維(2000)，「環境衝擊最佳化之紙漿配比研究」，中華大學工業工程與管理研究所碩士論文。
陳興國(1997)，「開闢造紙原料新途徑」，漿與紙18(3)，pp.25-28。
黃惠民、游兆鵬、羅乾鐘與林正凱(2005)，「考慮不良品及多次訂購之外購回收性商品存貨模式」，管理與系統學報，第12卷，第3期，第89-107頁。

英文部分
Carter, C.R. and Ellram, L.M. (1998), “Reverse Logistics: A Review of the Literature and Framework for Future Investigation,” Journal of Business Logistics, Vol.19, NO.1, pp. 85-102.
Choi, D.W., Hwang, H., and Koh, S.G (2007), “A generalized ordering and recovery policy for reusable items,” European Journal of Operation Research, Vol.182, No.2, pp. 764-774.
Dobos, I. and Richter, K. (2004), “An Extended Production/Recycling Model with Stationary Demand and Return Rates”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.90, pp. 311-323.
Fleischmann, M., Jacqueline, M., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, M., Dekker, R.E., Vander Laan, Van Nunen, J. and Van Wassenhove, L. (1997),“ Quantitative Models for Reverse Logistics: A Review,” European Journal of Operation Research, Vol.103, No.1, pp. 1-17.
Fleischmann, M., Krikke, H. R., Dekker, R., Flapper, S. P. (2000), “A Characterization of Logistics Networks for Product Recovery,” OMEGA 28(6), pp. 653-666.
Kiesmuller, G. P. (2003), “Optimal Control of A One Product Recovery System with Lead Times,” International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.81-82, pp. 333-340.
Koh, S. G., Hwang, H., Sohn, K. I. and Ko, C. S. (2002), “An Optimal Ordering and Recovery Policy for Reusable Items,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, Vol. 43, pp. 59-73.
Kumar, P., Pati, R. K. and Vrat, P. (2006), “Economic analysis of paper recycling vis-à-vis wood as raw material,” International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.103, No.2, pp.489-508.
Mahadevan, B., Pyke, D. F., Fleischmann, M. (2003), “Periodic review, push inventory policies for remanufacturing,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.151, No.3, pp.536-551
Nahmias, N., Rivera, H. (1979), “A Deterministic Model for A Repairable Item Inventory System with Finite Repair Rate,” International Journal of Production Research, Vol.17, pp. 215-221.
Richter, K. (1996a), “The EOQ Repair and Waste Disposal Model with Variable Setup Numbers,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.95, pp. 313-324.
Richter, K. (1996b), “The Extended EOQ Repair and Waste Disposal Model,” International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.45, pp. 443-447.
Schrady, D.A. (1967), “A Deterministic Inventory Model for Repairable Items,” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 14, pp. 391-398.
Van der Laan, E., Dekker, R., Salomon, M. and Ridder, A.(1996)“An (s, Q) inventory model with remanufacturing and disposal,” International Journal Production Economics, Vol.46, No.2, pp.339-350.

網站部分
正隆股份有限公司網站，http://www.clc.com.tw/。
行政院環境保護署環境保護月報，http://www.epa.gov.tw/index.aspx。
美國逆向物流協會網站，http://www.rlec.org。
美國EPA研究報告， http://www.epa.gov/。