臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
雷擊突波可能造成電力系統短路故障，引起配電系統瞬間停電，甚至造成電力設備損害，進而影響到電力系統供電品質。因此選擇符合要求之避雷器並安置在合適的位置，才能達到最佳的保護效果。本論文主要目的在探討避雷器應用於配電系統之雷擊突波過電壓保護。應用電磁暫態模擬程式(Electromagnetic Transients Program,EMTP)模擬雷擊對配電線路所產生之突波過電壓及所造成之影響。藉由雷擊在配電系統可能引起之過電壓，檢討電力設備之絕緣耐壓，再選擇正確型式之避雷器並適當地裝設於架空配電線路之塔杆上，使避雷器能發揮最大功用，將突波過電壓抑制在設備之基本絕緣等級(Basic Insulation Level, BIL)之下，並且預留適當之餘裕，以獲得設備所需之保護裕度(Protection Margin, PM)。

Abstract
Lightning surge could causes short-circuit faults for power systems, which in turn may bring power distribution systems to sudden interruption. Lightning would even damage some power equipments and influence the quality of power supply. Choosing the lightning arresters which meet necessary requirements and installing them in proper locations could make the most out of the protection.The main purpose of this thesis is to discuss applying lightning arresters to lightning surge overvoltage protection for distribution power systems. This thesis takes advantage of Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) to simulate the surge voltage on power distribution lines resulting from lightning and the effects after the surge voltage. From the knowledge of the level of surge voltage and knowing the insulated withstand of power equipments, one can choose the correct types of lightning arresters and install them on the rods of overhead power distribution lines. Then the lightning arresters can be fully utilized and the surge voltage can be limited under the Basic Insulation Level (BIL), preserving some extra margin to gain the Protection Margin (PM) essential for power equipments.

目 錄
中文摘要.............................................................I
英文摘要............................................................II
目 錄...........................................................III
符號索引............................................................VI
圖表索引..........................................................VIII

第一章 諸論.........................................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的.................................................1
1.2 國內外研究概況.................................................2
1.3 研究貢獻......................................................2
1.4 論文架構......................................................3

第二章 雷突波之產生及其影響...........................................4
2.1 前言.........................................................4
2.2 雷突波之產生..................................................4
2.2.1 雷擊的產生....................................................5
2.2.2 雷擊參數.....................................................6
2.3 雷電的性質.....................................................8
2.4 雷突波對電氣設備之影響.........................................12

第三章 避雷器之簡介.................................................14
3.1 前言.........................................................14
3.2 避雷器參數....................................................14
3.3 避雷器種類....................................................18
3.3.1 有間隙避雷器.................................................18
3.3.2 無間隙避雷器.................................................19
3.4 金屬氧化物避雷器.............................................20
3.4.1 避雷器之特性.................................................20
3.4.2 避雷器之保護距離.............................................22
3.5 本章討論....................................................26

第四章 避雷器應用於配電線路之保護.....................................27
4.1 前言.........................................................27
4.2 配電線路防雷害裝置原則.........................................27
4.3 安裝避雷器之基本要求...........................................31
4.4 避雷器的引線安裝之考量.........................................32
4.5 避雷器之安裝與選型.............................................34
4.5.1 避雷器之安裝.................................................34
4.5.2 避雷器之選型.................................................35
4.6 避雷器裝設於架空配電系統的方式..................................39
4.7 配電系統之絕緣協調方法.........................................41
4.8 本章討論....................................................45

第五章 模擬軟體介紹.................................................46
5.1 前言.........................................................46
5.2 EMTP輸入檔基本架構............................................46
5.3 建立架空線及電纜之EMTP 模型....................................48
5.3.1 線路常數輔助程式.....................................50
5.3.2 電纜常數輔助程式.....................................51
第六章 範例系統模擬分析.............................................52
6.1 前言.........................................................52
6.2 配電系統模擬介紹..............................................52
6.3 雷擊的影響模擬分析.............................................54
6.3.1 狀況一模擬結果分析............................................54
6.3.2 狀況二模擬結果分析............................................59
6.3.3 狀況三模擬結果分析............................................66
6.3.4 狀況四模擬結果分析............................................72
6.3.5 狀況五模擬結果分析..............................................74
6.4 改善方法與討論................................................77

第七章 結論及未來研究方向............................................79
7.1 結論.........................................................79
7.2 未來研究方向..................................................80
參考文獻............................................................81
附錄A 變電所與中間等級避雷器特性.....................................84
附錄B 氧化鋅避雷器之主要規格.........................................85

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