臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來企業在供應鏈管理中，開始專注在永續性發展績效，並在遵守環境法規的情況下滿足顧客需求。因此，永續性發展已經成為供應鏈管理中的一個重要問題，各企業更願意與有相同意識的公司合作。本研究提出了永續性供應商選擇和訂單分配問題的決策模型。該模型分為三個階段。首先，模糊決策實驗室分析法 (Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, Fuzzy DEMATEL)用於計算決策過程中永續性準則的權重，並找出準則間的相互影響關係。第二，由Fuzzy DEMATEL得到的權重，用來作為修正後理想解類似度順序偏好法 (Modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution, Modified TOPSIS)計算各供應商永續性發展績效的排名依據。最後，本文將各供應商的績效值作為其中一個目標，並與總成本一同使用多目標規劃 (Multi-Objective Programming, MOP)建立訂單分配模型，最後在使用非支配解排列遺傳演算法 (NSGA-II)得到多組訂單分配結果，這些結果可給予決策者做為訂單分配的參考依據。

In recent years, enterprises have focused on improving the performance of sustainable development and satisfy customer needs while complying with environmental regulations in the supply chain management. Therefore, sustainable development has become an important issue in supply chain management. Enterprises are willing to cooperate with the company that has the same consciousness. This study proposes a decision model for sustainability supplier selection and order allocation problem. The model is divided into three phases. First, the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) is used to calculate weights of the sustainability criteria in decision process, and find the relationship between the criteria. Second, this study ranks the sustainability performance of each supplier after wights obtained by Fuzzy DEMATEL. Finally, the performance value of each suppliers is considered as one of the objective function. Then, this study uses the multi-objective programming (MOP) to establish an order allocation model. The non-dominated de-sequence genetic algorithm (NSGA- II) is applied to obtain a set of Pareto solutions for order allocation, which can provide decision makers as a reference for supplier selection and order allocation problems.

目　錄

摘　要 i
表目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究方法 4
1.4 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 永續發展 6
2.1.1 永續發展的起源與定義 6
2.1.2 永續性的供應鏈管理相關研究 7
2.1.3 永續性發展的三個面向 9
2.2 供應商評選方法 11
2.2.1 決策實驗室分析法 11
2.2.2理想解類似度順序偏好法 13
2.3 供應商訂單分配的方法及應用 15
2.4 基因演算法的演進與NSGA-II 16
第三章 研究方法 20
3.1 模糊決策實驗室分析法 20
3.2 修正後理想解類似度順序偏好法 25
3.3 多目標規劃 28
3.4 非支配解排列遺傳演算法 29
3.4.1 編碼/解碼 29
3.4.2 初始群集 31
3.4.3 適合度函數 31
3.4.4 NSGA-II創新之三步驟 32
3.4.5 基因演算因子 34
第四章 實證分析 38
4.1資料來源與輸入 38
4.2 Fuzzy DEMATEL 38
4.3 修正TOPSIS法 43
4.3 供應商訂單分配模型 46
4.3.1 參數符號說明 46
4.3.2 數學模型 47
4.3.3 NSGA-II求解模型 51
第五章 結果與討論 59
5.1 針對永續性準則之討論 59
5.2 多目標訂單分配模型之比較 60
第六章 結論與未來建議 63
6.1 結論 63
6.2 未來研究建議 64
參考文獻 66
附錄 72
附錄A DEMATEL專家問卷 72
附錄B 各準則之影響關係圖 77
附錄C 修正TOPSIS法專家問卷 78
附錄D 最小值最大法 80

 
表目錄

表2.1 永續發展的三個基本原則 7
表2.2 永續性發展的三面向與其準則 10
表2.2 永續性發展的三面向與其準則 (續) 11
表2.3 供應鏈目標規劃與分析 17
表3.1 DEMATEL模糊語意尺度表 (Gören, 2018) 22
表3.2永續性面向的準則 24
表3.3 TOPSIS三角模糊語意尺度表 25
表4.1 初始模糊直接影響關係矩陣 (X1) 39
表4.2 模糊直接影響關係矩陣 (X) 40
表4.3 正規化模糊直接影響關係矩陣 ( ) 41
表4.4 模糊總影響關係矩陣 (T) 41
表4.5 關聯度、影響度與權重之計算結果 42
表4.6 初始化模糊決策矩陣 (D) 43
表4.7 正規化模糊決策矩陣 (V) 44
表4.8 加權正規化模糊決策矩陣 (E) 45
表4.9 各供應商與正負理想解之距離與排名 45
表4.10 模型之參數名稱與說明 46
表4.11 參數之實際數值 47
表4.12 NSGA-II參數設定 51
表5.1 各目標之最佳與最差解 61
表5.2 單目標模型之計算結果 61
表5.3 單目標與多目標模型之結果比較 62

 
圖目錄

圖2.1 永續性發展在2014至2018應用在各領域的文章數量 8
圖2.2 永續性發展與供應鏈在2014至2018結合應用的文章數量 8
圖2.3 供應鏈永續性三元素 9
圖2.4 TOPSIS正負理想解相對位置 14
圖2.5 柏拉圖解概念 18
圖3.1 研究方法架構圖 21
圖3.3 柏拉圖前緣線 32
圖3.4 排擠距離計算示意圖 33
圖3.5 單點交配法 35
圖3.6 兩點交配法 35
圖3.7 基因突變示意圖 36
圖3.8 菁英保留策略示意圖 37
圖4.1 NSGA-II之柏拉圖解 (點分布圖) 51

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