臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究問題：過去網路成癮相關的文獻相當多，但卻少有針對網路成癮的類型進行探討，也少有文獻針對這些類型去瞭解他們從網路中獲得了哪些資源。為能清楚瞭解網路成癮者在高壓力底下，認知、資源等中介因素對於情緒等適應結果的影響，提出二個主要研究目的：首先，以認知行為觀點及資源理論模式提出本研究架構，探討在不適切認知下，主觀壓力對於網路成癮傾向的調節效果，及網路資源獲得是否對網路成癮與正向/負向情緒具有調節效果；並驗證研究的適合模式。其二，探討網路成癮不同類型在現實資源、網路資源、不適切認知、主觀壓力、情緒及適應的關係，嘗試瞭解不同網路成癮類型在認知、資源及適應等相關變項的差異。

研究方法：本研究將以近六個月內未罹患重大疾病之大學生為研究對象，採用立意抽樣，邀請參與者填寫問卷，共含資源變化調查表（現實生活版、網路版）、網路成癮量表、生活壓力量表、正負向情感量表、中國人健康問卷等12個部分。全樣本男生共 195位，女生共358位，此外，研究者依照參與者之各網路成癮項目總分，區分為七種網路成癮類型及控制組，以進行差異比較。而其他資料，使用皮爾森積差相關、單因子多變量變異數分析及線性結構方程式來檢驗研究假設。

研究結果：本研究雖未如預期的發現主觀壓力及網路的資源獲得之調節效果，但壓力變項、網路資源獲得仍對效標變項具有直接的預測效果；另外，本研究亦修正原研究架構之驗證建構，發現大學生現實生活中資源越少，主觀壓力越大，越容易有網路成癮之不適切認知，並形成成癮傾向，而成癮傾向越高，覺得網路可獲得的資源越多，雖然網路使用時正向情緒高，可是若現實中負向情緒仍高時，其心理健康程度就越差。除此之外，本研究結果發現不同網路成癮類型大學生：（1）網路成癮廣泛型及混合型在現實生活的整體資源較其他組差、不適切認知較嚴重，除時間及經濟壓力，整體主觀壓力較大，總體資源獲得與現實生活的負向情緒均相對亦較為嚴重；整體健康部分，同樣地，以網路成癮廣泛型及混合型在現實生活的整體負向情緒及心理病理傾向均相對較高。(2)針對特定型的網路成癮者分析，發現網路訊息成癮特定型，較容易利用網路來逃避壓力，特別可能是家庭和課業的高壓力，並也可能因此有相對較高的心理病理傾向。(3)針對混合型的網路成癮者分析，則發現網路人際關係及訊息成癮組透過較嚴重的不適切認知，易有正向錯覺（positive illusion）的現象發生，認為自己能從網路中獲得較多的經濟及支持資源，但於現實生活的整體資源如果也足夠時，則於現實生活的整體健康是較好的；另外，亦發現網路遊戲及人際關係混合組在現實生活的個人特質及能力資源、現實生活的社會支持是較差的，並於現實生活有較高的人際關係壓力，故其於現實生活及使用網路時有較高的負向情緒產生。

討論：本研究提供一整體架構於瞭解網路成癮重要成因之間的關聯，尤其是資源及認知方面的研究成果，將能提供一認知行為取向的框架，以利於概念化不同網路成癮類型的整體形成歷程，從而針對個別差異，進行有利之處遇，以期能有效用於減緩或預防網路成癮的產生。研究結果也證實不同成癮類型是具有特殊性，此外，成癮功能項目愈多者，其在各研究變項的適應也愈差。因此，區分特殊型及廣泛成癮類型，可以先評估其原本個人資源、生活壓力及不適切認知的特徵，未來在輔導或治療個案時，可以考慮個別差異性的協助。

Research background & aim: Considering that researches about types of internet addiction very limited in college students which either hasn’t studied in which resources the internet addicted subjects could obtain from the internet. In order to explore clearly about the mediated factors as cognitions and resources what people on-line addict to would have the influences to the adaptation when they are under high stress, two main purposes in our study: First, through cognitive-behavior and resources-oriented approaches as the hypothetical model of our study we discuss how perceived stress moderate the tendency of internet addiction under maladaptive cognition; and we also discuss under internet addition whether the perceived resources from the internet would moderate internet addicted subjects’ positive and negative affection when they are online. According to those above, we would test whether or not our proposed hypothetical model fit our observed data. Second, we discuss the differences among various types of internet addiction in their resources in the real life and the internet world, the maladaptive cognitions, the perceived stress, the affection and the adaptation.

Method：College students would be scheduled in our study. All participants would be asked to complete the questionnaires, including the demographic data, Resources Inventory (life version and web version), Internet Addiction Scale, Life Stress Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Chinese Health Questionnaires (CHQ) etc. There are 553 students participated in our study, including 195 male students and 358 female students. And in order to compare their differences, used internet addiction scale, all participants would be separated into eight kind of subgroup of internet addiction which in accordance with the criterion score of subgroups. For testing other hypotheses of this study, MANOVA, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and SEM would be conducted for the statistic analysis.

Result：Although our study didn’t find the moderate effect by the perceived stress and the resources, but both above-mentioned variables have direct effect to predict criterion variables. Besides, we also would confirm and modify our proposed hypothetical model, and we discovered that college students who have lower resources in real life and higher perceived stress would have more maladaptive cognitions toward internet addiction, and then those would be more tendency to addict to internet. Following on above-mentioned results, they would obtain more resources from internet and more positive affections online, but the mental health would worsen if negative affection is still high. Besides, we found: (1) compared to control group, the internet addicted subject-specific type, the whole type and hybrid type of internet addiction would have higher resources loss, more severe maladaptive cognitions, lower resources obtained online, and more severe influence in the negative affections in reality and the tendency of mental pathology, (2) especially under the analysis of specific type of internet addiction, the web information addicted group may reveal more used web information to avoid total stress , family or academic stress, and this group intent to higher tendency of mental pathology. (3) And under the analysis of hybrid type of internet addiction, their have more positive illusion from maladaptive cognitions so obtained more economical and supportive resources from internet revealed low mental process. It maybe results from more adequacies of the whole resources in real life. Otherwise, in the online game addiction and interpersonal addiction group of hybrid type, we revealed that they are poorer in the personal character/ability and less social support in real life, and higher stress of interpersonal relationships, so they have higher negative affections in the real life even online.

Conclusion：Our study offers an adapted model to understand the relevance between many sufficiency factors of internet addiction, especially about the multiple resources and maladaptive cognitions. We hope that through this cognitive-behavioral approach to conceptualize the process of various types of internet addiction, and then offer a direction for practitioners about intervention to alleviate or prevent the occurrence of internet addiction. Our study also verifies that there are specificities between various types of internet addiction, and the more combined types, the poorer adaptation in the hypothetical model. Therefore, we can assess the original personal resources, life stress, and maladaptive cognitions to specify the different types, or hybrid types for their appropriate treatments.

中文摘要....................................................... i
英文摘要.......................................................iii
致謝 .......................................................vi
目錄 .......................................................vii
第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與目的 ......................................... 1
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 網路成癮之概念：界定、診斷、盛行率、網路使用時間及類型....... 4
第二節 網路成癮的病因模式.......................................23
第三節 以「資源模式」探討網路使用者的成癮路徑......................31
第四節 網路成癮的適應...........................................41
第五節 研究架構與研究假設 ......................................44
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究對象 ...............................................51
第二節 研究工具 ...............................................61
第三節 研究程序 ...............................................71
第四節 資料分析 ...............................................72
第四章 研究結果
第一節 研究架構中各變項間的相關..................................74
第二節 「主觀壓力」及「網路的資源獲得」之調節作用..................88
第三節 網路成癮之理論模式檢驗....................................95
第四節 網路成癮類型在主要研究變項之差異...........................107
第五章 討論與建議
第一節 網路成癮在這主要研究變項之特徵.............................131
第二節 「主觀壓力」及「網路的資源獲得」之調節作用...................134
第三節 網路成癮與主要研究變項之結構路徑模式.........................135
第四節 網路成癮類型在各主要研究變項之差異性.........................141
第五節 本研究的貢獻與限制.........................................153
參考文獻
中文資料..........................................................156
西文資料..........................................................159
附錄
附錄一 經常上網人口成長情況......................................166
附錄二 問卷指導語與個人基本資料..................................167
附錄三 預試－資源變化調查表（現實生活版）.........................168
附錄四 預試－資源變化調查表（網路版）.............................170
附錄五 預試－網路使用經驗量表....................................172
附錄六 預試－大學生生活經驗量表...................................174
附錄七 正式施測－問卷指導語與個人基本資料..........................176
附錄八 正式施測－一般自我效能量表（一）............................177
附錄九 正式施測－一般自我效能量表（二）............................178
附錄十 正式施測－現實/線上之社會支持量表...........................179
附錄十一 正式施測－生活適應調查表...................................180
附錄十二 正式施測－網路使用經驗量表.................................181
附錄十三 正式施測－正負向情感量表（一）..............................182
附錄十四 正式施測－正負向情感量表（二）..............................183
附錄十五 正式施測－大學生生活經驗量表................................184
附錄十六 正式施測－網路態度量表.....................................185
附錄十七 正式施測－資源變化調查表（現實生活版）.......................187
附錄十八 正式施測－資源變化調查表（網路版）..........................189
附錄十九 網路成癮特定型之假設.......................................191
附錄二十 治療建議.................................................192
附錄二十一 網路成癮類型問卷---使用同意書.............................193
附錄二十二 正負向情感量表---使用同意書...............................194
附錄二十三 戴維斯網路認知量表---使用同意書...........................195
附錄二十四 大學生生活壓力量表---使用同意書...........................196
附錄二十五 資源保留量表---使用同意書................................197
附錄二十六 中國人健康問卷---使用同意書..............................198

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二、西文部分
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