臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文為製作油電複合動力機車之鎳氫電池充電器，內容分成兩部分。首先針對複合動力機車的需求，設計與製作充電器。充電器的輸入來源為發電機產生經整流後的直流電源，透過充電器提供定電流源到電池端充電。然後為實作部分。主要分為不同電流條件與高頻脈衝模式充電對電池影響探討。在不同電流條件充電的作法，是改變輸入電流的漣波參數對電池充電，觀察電池充電後額定電容量的改變。在高頻脈衝式電流充電的作法，則是利用充電器產生高頻脈衝式電流對電池充電，觀察充電後電池電容量的改變以及原因討論。實驗部分最後為電池內阻值計算，可以經由放電曲線和計算公式輔助，了解目前電池內阻值為多少，隨時掌握電池的狀態。藉由實作結果了解，不同電流條件下電池可發揮的最大效能為何，以及高頻脈衝式電流對電池的影響。

This thesis proposes a Ni-MH battery charger for hybrid electric motorcycles. First of all a battery charger for Ni-MH is implemented for the hybrid electric mo-torcycles. The charger will generate either a constant current or a pulsating one to charge the Ni-MH battery set. Then the effectiveness of different charging strate-gies by using different charging current patents are verified by experimental results. Finally, experimental results are used to verify the effectiveness of different Ni-MH battery charging strategies and a better one can be recognized.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 2
1-3 論文架構 3
第二章 鎳氫電池 5
2-1 鎳氫電池的歷史 5
2-2 鎳氫電池構造及特性 6
2-2-1 電池基本內部構造 6
2-2-2 電池化學特性 7
2-2-3 自放電特性 8
2-2-4 老化原因 10
2-2-4-1物理性描述老化的原因 10
2-2-4-2 化學性描述老化的原因 13
第三章 電池充電方式與電量偵測 15
3-1 電池充電方式 15
3-1-1 定電壓充電 15
3-1-2 二段式定電壓充電 16
3-1-3 定電流充電 16
3-1-4 混合定電流/定電壓充電 17
3-1-5 脈衝式充電 18
3-1-6 ReflexTM充電 19
3-2 大必v鎳氫電池充電法則 19
3-3 充電截止法則 22
3-3-1 溫度檢測法 22
3-3-2 電壓檢測法 23
3-4 電容量檢測 24
3-4-1開路電壓檢測法 24
3-4-2 加載電壓檢測法 24
3-4-3 安培小時法 25
3-4-4 內電阻法 25
第四章 硬體架構與軟體撰寫 26
4-1 充電器硬體架構 26
4-2 升壓型轉換器 27
4-2-1 電路動作原理 27
4-3 溫度與電壓偵測電路 28
4-3-1 溫度偵測電路 28
4-3-2 電壓偵測電路 29
4-4 回授控制器 30
4-5 軟體撰寫 31
4-5-1 微控制器簡介 31
4-5-2 控制流程方塊圖 31
第五章 充電器製作 34
5-1硬體電路製作 34
5-1-1 升壓轉換器元件規格與設計 35
5-1-2 輔助電源 37
5-2充電器量測 38
5-2-1 主開關波形量測 38
5-2-2 充放電截止測試 39
5-3定電流充電模式 41
5-3-1 輸出電容變動 41
5-3-2 充電效能量測 43
5-4 放電量測結果 45
5-4-1 討論 49
5-5 高頻脈衝充電模式 49
5-5-1 討論 52
5-6 電池內阻值檢測 55
5-6-1 實驗結果 56
5-6-2 討論 57
5-6-3 低頻脈衝電流下電阻計算 59
5-6-4 系統熱源分佈 60
第六章 結論與未來工作 61
6-1結論 61
6-2未來工作 61
參考文獻 63

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