臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

天然災害發生後，造成交通運輸的中斷，若不及時提供簡易的替代便道或儘速加以修復，則必然延緩救災時機。因此，災難發生後，對於交通修復的需求通常都列為第一優先任務。本研究為一延續性研究，當災害發生時，運輸路網遭到破壞，如何迅速搶通受損車道，並將災民迅速進行疏散，以往研究均以道路受損前、後之路段容量比來計算該路段應優先投入之修復容量，作為救災單位資源投入之參考；本研究結合實際工程單位修復操作面需要，以搶修車道數為基礎，建立路網重建設計，俾利工程單位任務之遂行。
災後道路網的重建與設計，直接影響到災民疏散的路徑選擇與區位選擇，屬網路設計問題的範疇，將建立雙層規劃模型；上層模型以路網總旅行成本最小為目標，下層模型則考量災民疏散路徑選擇與區位選擇限制條件，進行路網重建設計。
在人力資源受限的狀況下，如何決定應優先搶修的路段車道數，使路網重建總旅行成本最小，災民能在最短的時間內離開災區至安全區域。本研究課題特性為一非線性混合整數規劃問題，將透過中大型路網進行測試，並利用梯度投影法及模擬退火法等技術進行求解，藉由數值範例結果說明本研究模型的正確性及實用性，冀能提供政府工程單位及國軍單位在救災時決策之參考。

An interruption of transportation often comes with a natural disaster. If some simply roads or substitute roads couldn’t be built up immediately, disaster relief would be deferred obviously.Therefore, when a disaster occurs, the mission to recover transportation is normally placed on the first priority. This research is a continuation of study for how to quickly repair damaged roads in order to evacuate victims when a network of transport is broken after a disaster All of the former studies focus on the comparison between the capacities of the road before damaged and after repaired to calculate the road's repair resources that should have to be put into as the reference for the relief units.

This research combining theory with the needs of actual engineering unit operation takes the number lanes of the roads to be urgently recovered as the foundation to build up the design of reconstruction for the engineering unit to carry out. After calamity, reconstruction and design of road network directly influence the choice of evacuation paths and areas for the victim, and these belong to the scope of network design. It is necessary to build up a bi-level programming model. Upper level model minimizes the network travel cost as the objective. And then, the lower model considers the restricted conditions of the choice of evacuation paths and areas for the victim to build up the design of the network reconstruction.

Under the situation that human resource is limited, how to decide the number lanes of the roads that should have priority to urgently repair makes the total travel cost of rebuilt network minimum and let the victims be evacuated from the disaster region to safe area.

The characteristic of this research is a nonlinear mixture integer programming, which will figure out the solution through the test in the middle-large network with Gradient Projection Method and Simulated Annealing Method. With the result of numerical samples to illustrate the accuracy and practical applicability of the model, hope to provide the valuable information to government engineering units and military units for making decision in disaster relief.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌 謝 III
目　錄 IV
圖索引 VI
表索引 VII
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 研究內容 5
1.5 研究範圍與假設 7
1.6 研究流程 8
第二章 文獻探討 10
2.1 疏散問題 10
2.2 疏散路徑選擇與疏散區位選擇整合模型 14
2.3 網路設計問題及求解演算法 17
2.4 綜合評析 20
第三章 模型建立 22
3.1 模型構建 22
第四章 求解演算法 28
4.1 梯度投影法 28
4.2 模擬退火法 35
4.3 緊急搶修與修復策略 38
4.4 數值範例 41
第五章 數值範例 45
5.1 輸入路網資料 45
5.2 個案情境 47
5.3 結果分析 51
5.4 小結 54
第六章 結論與建議 55
6.1 結論 55
6.2 建議 56
參考文獻 58
符號說明 62
附錄一：原路網各路段容量及車道數 63
附錄二：破壞後路段容量及預估車道修復人力表 65
附錄三：修復後路段流量、車道數及人力表 70

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