臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的:本研究以心物法探討不同手部條件與提攜頻率對最大可接受提攜能力之效應。
背景:人工物料搬運(MMH)所造成的下背痛及肌肉骨骼傷害已被確認是造成企業損失的主要原因，而提攜作業在MMH運用相當廣泛。在過去研究普遍為單人或雙人的雙手提攜作業為主，有關單手對結合式提攜作業的研究相當缺乏。
方法:本研究徵募15位男性華梵大學生為受試者參與實驗，依照心物法指示語，假設國人男性工作時間為1小時，在不同手部條件(單手與雙手)以及提攜頻率(1次/5分、1次/分、6次/分)共6種組合下，收集受試者最大可接受提攜重量(MAWC)，同時在實驗時收集受試者心搏率，並在實驗後要求受試者填寫主觀施力知覺評量(RPE)。
結果:(1) 手部條件對於MAWC、心搏率、背部RPE與全身RPE均有顯著效應，單手最大可承受提攜重量(14.60kg)為雙手的(18.73) 的77%左右，雙手心搏率與各部位RPE(手指、手腕、手臂、肩膀、背部、腿及全身)均大於單手。(2) 提攜頻率對於MAWC、各部位RPE均有顯著效應，MAWC由高至低分別為頻率1次/分、1次/分、6次/分，且三者之間均有顯著差異，各部位RPE由大到小6次/分、1次/分、1次/5分。(3)手部條件與提攜頻率對於心搏率具有顯著的交互作用，提攜頻率越高對心搏率越大。雙手提攜心搏率皆大於單手，在頻率為6次/分時，心搏率明顯上升，雙手提攜心搏率顯著大於單手。(4)MAWC預測模式，以單一等慣性動態肌力預測模式(R2=0.7516)最為便利。
MAWC= 1.4602 +4.8332H2 -10.24F1 -4.5376F2 +0.3572T1
結論:整體而言，手部條件與提攜頻率最佳組合須考慮績效，績效越高對於生理負荷心搏率影越大，建議提攜頻率為1次/5分與1次/分，可採用雙手提攜，除了提高績效，亦可降低從業人員肌肉骨骼傷害。
關鍵詞:人工物料搬運、結合式提攜作業、手部條件、提攜頻率。

Objective: This study applied the psychophysical method to evaluate the effect of hand condition on maximal acceptable weight of carrying (MAWC).

Background: It is well known that carrying tasks have quite extensive applications in MMH. Lower back pain and musculoskeletal injury caused by manual material handling (MMH) have been confirmed as the main causes of financial losses for companies. The most of previous studies regarding with hand condition focused on carrying tasks, without lifting and lowering activities, but researches on combined carrying tasks, with lifting and lowering activities, remain scarce.
Method: Fifteen male students from Huafan University were recruited as participants in the experiments. The psychophysical method was applied to determine the maximal acceptable weights of carrying (MAWCs) for the six combinations of hand conditions (one-hand and two-hands) and carrying frequency (1 carrying/5 min, 1 carrying/min, 6 carryings/min) as one-hour working time. Meanwhile, the participants’ heart rate was measured. And the participants were requested to fill out the rating of perceived exertion, RPE, of seven different body parts, finger, wrist, arm, shoulder, back, leg and whole body, at the end of each experiment.

Results: (1) The hand condition has significant effect on MAWC, heart rate, back RPE, and whole-body RPE. The MAWC of one-hand (14.6kg) is about 77% of two-hands (18.73). The heart rate and RPE of fingers, wrist, arm, shoulder, back, leg, and whole body, are higher for two hands compared to one hand; (2) The carrying frequency significantly influence on MAWC and RPE of each body part. The greatest MAWC appears at 1 carrying/5 min, followed by 1carrying/min, the smallest MAWC appears at 6 carryings/min, the significant difference in MAWC are among the three carrying frequency. Each body part has the greatest RPE at 6 carryings/min followed by 1carrying/min, the smallest is at 1 carrying/5 min; (3) Hand condition and carrying frequency has significant interaction on heart rate. The higher the carrying frequency, the higher heart rate is. The heart rate of two-hands is higher than that of one hand. At 6 carryings/min, the heart rate of two-hands is obviously higher than that of one hand; (4) The MAWC predictive model with single predictor, inertia dynamic muscle strength, ( R2=0.7516 ) is the most convenient model for user to predict the MAWC for different carrying tasks.
MAWC= 1.4602 +4.8332H2 -10.24F1 -4.5376F2 +0.3572T1

Conclusion: The best combination of hand condition and carrying frequency for carrying tasks should be with higher performance and induce lower physiological load. When the carrying frequencies is 1 carrying/5 min or1 carrying/min, using both hands to carry is recommended. The high carrying frequency, 6 carryings/min, is not recommended since it induces heavy physiological load.

Keywords: manual material handling, combined carrying tasks, hand condition, carrying frequency

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 5
1.3研究架構 5
1.4研究範圍與限制 8
1.4.1研究範圍 8
1.4.2研究限制 8
第二章 文獻探討 9
2.1人工物料搬運 9
2.1.2人工物料搬運研究方法 9
2.2提攜作業對人體的不良影響 12
2.2.1下背部傷害 13
2.2.2背部麻痺 14
2.2.3疲勞效應 14
2.3影響提攜能力的主要因素 15
2.3.1個人因素 16
2.3.2作業因素 16
2.3.3姿勢因素 17
2.3.4環境因素 18
2.4心理物理學觀點的提攜作業文獻探討 18
2.4.1心物法及其效度 18
2.4.2 負荷物的提攜 19
2.4.3雙手提攜作業 20
2.4.4 單手提攜作業 21
2.5預測模式 22
2.5.1預測模式建立 23
2.5.2預測模式建立的步驟與準則 24
第三章 研究方法 28
3.1受試者招募 28
3.2實驗設計 30
3.2.1自變項 31
3.2.2依變項 32
3.2.3控制變項 33
3.3實驗儀器與設備 35
3.4實驗步驟 37
3.5資料分析 42
第四章 研究結果 43
4.1最大可承受提攜重量之分析 43
4.1.1手部條件 44
4.1.2提攜頻率 45
4.2心搏率(HR)之分析 46
4.2.1手部條件 48
4.2.2提攜頻率 49
4.2.3交互作用 50
4.3心搏率增量(△HR)之分析 51
4.3.1手部條件 53
4.3.2提攜頻率 54
4.3.3交互作用 55
第五章 討論 61
5.1手部條件之效應 62
5.1.1最大可接受提攜重量(MAWC) 62
5.1.2心搏率(HR) 63
5.1.3各部位主觀施力知覺評量 (RPE) 分析 65
5.2提攜頻率 67
5.2.1最大可接受提攜重量(MAWC) 67
5.2.2心搏率(HR) 69
5.2.3各部位主官施力之覺評量分析(RPE) 70
5.3手部條件與提攜頻率之交互作用 72
第六章 提攜能力預測模式 75
6.1變項之篩選 75
6.2 迴歸模式之建立 79
6.3比較各個不同模式之優劣 84
6.4最佳預測模式探討 86
第七章 結論與建議 88
7.1結論 88
7.1.1手部條件 88
7.1.2提攜頻率 88
7.1.3交互作用 89
7.1.5預測模式 89
7.2建議 90
參考文獻 91
附錄A 受試者實驗同意書 97
附錄B 人體特徵資料表 98
附錄C 心物法指示語 101
附錄D 實驗進行步驟 102
附錄E 實驗注意事項 103
附錄F 受試者主觀知覺施力評量表(RPE) 104
附錄G SAS程式碼 105

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