臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高爾夫球具是廣泛使用的時尚運動器具，其組成的基本結構為球頭、膠套、球桿及握把，其中球頭為直接之擊球部位，為整組高爾夫球具重心。球頭外型的設計、製造、材質，直接影響高爾夫球具的品質與價格，目前高爾夫球頭已多採用鈦合金原料製成，其產製過程以精密鑄造為主，需經過多道製程，從金屬模製作、射蠟、修蠟、組樹、浸漿、脫蠟、鑄造、熱處理、到毛胚整修、磨光、美工及裝箱等，在整個複雜的製程中，往往會因為工作排程不當，無法明確掌握各種工作流程關係，以致有些工作需求與場內可用的有限資源不能銜接配合、有效利用，因而造成資源的浪費、生產成本的提高及嚴重影響企業整體的獲利。

本論文以我國南部某高爾夫球頭鑄造廠生產流程為個案研究對象，針對高爾夫球頭製造生產過程中，系統因不當的加工順序、共用資源或排程規劃的錯誤，導致生產製程產生牽制，無法順暢生產及延滯等現象，利用傳統循序式（step oriented transition）Petri Nets、時間（timed）Petri Nets和連續的（continuous）Petri Nets，所建構一個綜合的（hybrid）Petri Nets方法，進行簡潔描述與偵測，並探討生產系統作業的連續性、循環週期時間及效能，經由所推導出的Petri Nets配合鑄造廠蠟模站及鑄造站生產時間予以進行生產的監控，設法汰除不必要的時間浪費，以提升生產效率及降低生產成本，同時藉由斐氏網路圖形化的特性找出每個工作活動間的關係，推演其數學模式，以便探討系統效率，經由斐氏網路圖分析逹到改善高爾夫球頭精密鑄造生產製程，其每一株高爾夫蠟球頭蠟樹叢的產製效率可提高逹百分之14.8，每一株高爾夫球頭毛胚製程產製效率可提高逹百分之15.78，大幅縮短了製程時間及生產成本。

The golf club is fashionable sport apparatus that is used extensively, and the basic structure of a golf product includes the golf head, ferrule, golf shaft and the grip. The golf head, striking golf balls straight, is the most important part of a golf product, and its shape design, manufacturing methods and materials will influence the quality and cost of the golf product directly. At present, The golf head is mostly made of titanium, the manufacturing methods of golf heads mainly focus on precision casting. It goes several procedures that include metal pattern manufacturing, wax pattern injection, overhaul wax shells, wax tree assemble、slurry dip, dewaxing, casting, heat treatment, raw product modifying , polishing, art designing and packing. During the complicated productions, the relationship of every job flow might not be controlled correctly due to improper job flows, and might result in resource wasting, production cost increasing, production flows locking and business benefits decreasing because some working requirements and limited resources can’t be used efficiently.

The research object of this study is based on the production flows of a golf products manufacturing factory in southern Taiwan. During the procedure of golf club production, the system is due to improper processing procedure, mistake of mutual resource or planning schedule that result in productive procedure holding up, producing non-smoothly and delaying phenomenon. It uses step oriented transition Petri Nets, timed Petri Nets and continuous Petri Nets making a way of hybrid Petri Nets to carry out briefly description and detection, discusses the continuity, cyclic time and efficiency of production operation. That can monitor the production via Petri Nets with the production time of wax shells work station & cast work station of casting plant, eliminates unnecessarily wasting time, increases production efficiency and decreases production cost, and finds out the relationship of every working activity by the character of Petri Nets drawings to discuss the system efficiency. The precise casting procedure of golf club can be improved by Petri Nets drawings analysis. The productive efficiency of every golf wax tree assemble can be increased by 14.8%, every productive efficiency of raw product of golf club can be improved by 15.78%. That shortens the procedural time and reduces the productive cost.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
符號說明表 ix
一、緒論 1
１.１　研究背景與動機 1
１.２　研究目的 2
１.３　文獻回顧 3
１.４　研究步驟與流程 4
１.５　研究範圍與限制 6
１.６　論文架構 6
二、高爾夫球頭製程探討 7
２.１　精密鑄造 7
２.２　精密脫蠟鑄造的加工程序 9
２.３　精密鑄造的特點與運用 12
２.３.１　精密鑄造的特點 12
２.３.２　精密鑄造的運用 13
２.４　精密鑄造的運用限制 15
２.５　高爾夫球頭加工製程探討 16
三、斐氏網路的建構與分析方法 26
３.１　斐氏網路（Petri Net）簡介 26
３.１.１　斐氏網路基本符號 28
３.１.２　激發規則 33
３.１.３　斐氏網路的基本特點 35
３.１.４　斐氏網路的特性 36
３.１.５　高階斐氏網路 37
３.２　特殊斐氏網路 43
３.２.１　狀態圖（State graph） 43
３.２.２　事件圖（Event graph） 44
３.２.３　Conflict-free PNs 44
３.２.４　Free-choice PNs 45
３.２.５　簡單化Petri Nets（Simple PNs） 45
３.２.６　Pure Petri Net 47
３.３　斐氏網路的建構方式 47
３.４　斐氏網路的鎖死與結構特性探討 49
３.４.１　數學矩陣 49
３.４.２　可及樹 51
３.４.３　P不變性與T不變性 53
３.５　鎖死的偵測與預防 53
３.６　斐氏網路圖形的轉換 54
３.６.１　斐氏網路圖形的合併簡化- 56
３.７　斐氏網路執行效率 62
３.８　斐氏網路在排程規劃上的應用 62
四、高爾夫球頭製程斐氏網路模組建構 65
４.１　個案簡介 65
４.２　個案斐氏網路建模與製程系統流程 66
４.３　個案蠟模站斐氏網路模組建立 69
４.３.１　蠟模站個體加工站製程斐氏網路模組建立 70
４.３.２　蠟模站整體加工站製程斐氏網路模組建立 74
４.４　個案鑄造站斐氏網路模組建立 78
４.４.１　鑄造站個體加工站製程斐氏網路模組建立 79
４.４.２　鑄造站整體加工站製程斐氏網路模組建立 83
五、高爾夫球頭製程斐氏網路模組分析與改進 86
５.１　個案蠟模站製程系統分析 86
５.１.１　個案蠟模站製程系統鎖死偵測 86
５.１.２　個案蠟模站製程系統效率分析 88
５.１.３　個案蠟模站製程系統改進與分析 90
５.２　個案蠟模站製程系統分析 97
５.２.１　個案鑄造站製程系統鎖死偵測 97
５.２.２　個案鑄造站製程系統效率分析 99
５.２.３　個案鑄造站製程系統改進與分析 101
六、結論與建議 108
６.１　結論 109
６.２　未來研究方向與建議 110
參考文獻 111

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