臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球暖化的現象近年來愈發嚴重，導致氣候異常且極端天氣型態發生頻率增加，例如乾旱、熱浪、寒流、暴雨。水資源是農業生產過程中不可或缺的一環，茭白筍產季為多水的夏秋兩季，倘若缺水會對茭白產業產生莫大衝擊，且栽培茭白時如處於短日環境中則會發生矮化症，目前發現延長光照可以克服此問題。本試驗以不同栽培水位深度(第一次處理：8, 16, 24公分；第二次處理：30, 40, 50公分)與延長光照處理探討栽培水深及光照對茭白生長發育之影響。除了田間栽培試驗之外，也試著將茭白離體葉片放置於不同光度之環境中，探討光照處理是否具有延緩茭白葉片老化的效果，進而討論光照對茭白植株生長促進之效果。另外，寄生於茭白植株中的茭白黑穗菌在離體培養的環境中，已被確認具有產生植物生長素的能力。本試驗試著以液態培養之菌液施用於南瓜幼苗上，探討茭白黑穗菌菌液是否具有促進植物生長之物質。
基本上，茭白植株株高、筍長以及筍重與栽培水深呈正相關，電照處理也會促進茭白植株生長與孕筍；而分蘗數僅受水深處理影響，但於低水位栽培(8, 16, 24公分)時組別之間無顯著差異，於高水位(30, 40, 50公分)試驗處理時則水位較低之處理組其分蘗數顯著多於栽培水深50公分之組別；茭白筍品質則是電照再加上茭白孕筍期時以水深40公分栽培擁有最佳之品質。茭白離體葉片試驗結果發現，將葉片置於低光度(4、7 PPFD)環境能有效地延緩茭白葉片葉綠素螢光值與葉綠素計讀值的下降。此試驗光度遠小於一般正常情況(晴天中午約2200 PPFD)，尚須考量到離體葉片本身係已經受傷之組織，故推測適當光照可有效促進茭白葉片行光合作用進而累積乾物質、延緩老化；田間試驗也證實以4.3至10 PPFD之延長光照時間處理可促進茭白植株生長之結果。於茭白黑穗菌菌液噴施澆灌南瓜幼苗的結果，四週後處理組的株高顯著地高於對照組，總生長量約增加80 %，有趣的是此結果並非與菌液濃度呈正相關；另一項被促進之結果為節數，三組處理組(濃度：102、104、106孢子數．毫升-1)皆比對照組約多4個節位，因此推論茭白黑穗菌菌液似乎含有能夠促進植株生長之物質。

The Global warming is getting more and more severe in recent years, and it leads to abnormal climate and extreme weather conditions such as drought, heat wave, cold current and heavy rainfalls. The water resource is quite important in agronomic production process. The cultivation seasons of water bamboo in Taiwan are summer and autumn, if water shortage happens during these seasons, it will crash the industry. On the other hand, cultivating the water bamboo in short daylength will cause stunting disease, but previous research indicated that it can be overcome by extending the photoperiod. In this study, different cultivating water depths with or without photoperiod extension were applied to investigate the effects of water conservation and photoperiod extension on water bamboo (Zizania latifolia Turcz.) growth and development. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of different light intensities on leaf senescence by using detached leaves and the effects of light intensities on water bamboo plant growth. In addition, it has been known that the smut fungi (Ustilago esculenta) which is parasitic on the water bamboo can produce the auxin in vivo. This study investigated the effects of Ustilago esculenta broth culture solution on squash seedling growth.
Results from this research indicated that plant height, shoot length and shoot weight are positively correlated with cultivating water depth and photoperiod extension may increase water bamboo plant growth. Number of tillers per rhizome was affected by cultivating water depth, however, no significant difference was observed among the lower water depth treatments (8, 16, 24 cm), while significant differences did exist among the higher water depth treatments (30, 40, 50 cm).The number of tillers per rhizome with a cultivating water depth of 30 cm is greater than that of 50 cm. Furthermore, application of photoperiod extension to prevent stunting disease in early growth followed by growing with a cultivating water depth of 40 cm resulted in the best water bamboo quality.
The results of water bamboo detached leaf experiment suggested that the reduction in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf chlorophyll content is effectively delayed under low light intensities (4, 7 PPFD). Because the light intensities applied in this experiment was much lower than that of the normal condition (2200 PPFD at sunny day noon) and the detached leaves were wounded, we conjectured that appropriate light intensity may effectively enhance leaf photosynthesis accumulate carbohydrates in leaves, and therefore postponed leaf senescence. Previous field experiments also indicated that light intensity can increase the water bamboo growth.
Results from spraying or irrigating smut fungi (Ustilago esculenta) broth culture solution to squash seedlings suggested that plant height in all treatments is significantly higher than that of control and total growth increased about 80% at four weeks after treatment, interestingly, these results were not positively correlated with the concentrations of the solution. The node number of seedling were also promoted by treatment with the fungi broth culture solution with four more nodes in all treatments relative to the control. These results suggested that smut fungi broth culture solution may contain some growth promoting substance.

摘要.......i
Summary.......ii
目錄.......iv
圖目錄.......v
表目錄.......vi
壹、前言.......1
貳、前人研究.......2
一、茭白筍概述.......2
二、茭白黑穗菌概述.......4
三、茭白植株與茭白黑穗菌之共生關係.......6
四、淹水對岸邊植株生長發育之影響.......9
五、光照對植物之重要性.......10
六、葉綠素螢光.......12
七、微生物製劑.......15
參、材料與方法.......16
一、栽培水位深度與延長光照對茭白植株及孕筍之影響.......16
二、光照對茭白離體葉片之影響.......20
三、溫度對茭白黑穗菌生長速度之影響.......22
四、茭白黑穗菌液對南瓜幼苗植株生長之影響.......24
肆、結果.......26
一、栽培水深對茭白植株生長發育之影響.......26
二、延長光照時間與栽培水深處理對茭白植株生長發育之影響.......30
三、茭白離體葉片老化試驗.......42
四、茭白黑穗菌生長適溫試驗.......46
五、茭白黑穗菌液對南瓜幼苗植株生長之影響試驗.......47
伍、討論.......52
一、栽培水深對茭白植株生長發育之結果.......52
二、延長光照時間與栽培水深處理對茭白植株生長發育之影響.......54
三、茭白離體葉片老化試驗.......57
四、茭白黑穗菌生長適溫試驗.......58
五、茭白黑穗菌液對南瓜幼苗植株生長之影響試驗.......59
陸、結論.......61
參考文獻.......62

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