臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對寬頻多輸入輸出射頻收發機中，面臨射頻元件設計上彼此之間的串擾失真(或稱為耦合，Coupling /Crosstalk)問題，研究可行之發射端、接收端和聯合發射與接收端耦合場景下的串擾參數估計與補償技術及調校程序。然而，在此寬頻串擾系統，將伴隨著頻率相依( Frequency Dependent)的串擾響應，故本文之估測方法主要利用最小平方法 (Least Square, LS) 在同時同頻的條件下，搭配多路射頻切換之調校程序完成發射端與接收端的串擾響應估計，其補償技術為克服發射端與接收端串擾分別估得預補償與後處理向量。本論文針對此多輸入輸出寬頻串擾收發機所提出調校法則為「先接收端，再發射端」的寬頻串擾估測程序。上述方法，主要期能運用於工研院自製串擾電路板，完成其串擾失真補償，並實現傳輸單載波與多載波等測試訊號。為達上述目的，本論文先運用MATLAB建置全數位軟體平台仿真多輸入輸出耦合場景及所設計之估測與補償技術，初步驗證校正法則之可行性。接續，利用商用AD9371寬頻射頻模組搭配由「Mini-Circuit元件組成之串擾模組(名為RFbox)」與「工研院自製之串擾PC電路板」的寬頻串擾場景，整合上述軟體模擬平台之寬頻串擾估測與補償技術，實現於實際平台中消除寬頻串擾之目的。綜整以上，本論文結合理論、軟體模擬和模組實測完成解決多輸入輸出射頻收發機彼此間的寬頻串擾因子，期望未來能延伸應用於工研院多天線寬頻射頻收發系統具消除串擾能力，並達成寬頻多輸入輸出之通訊高品質需求。

This thesis aims to study the crosstalk/coupling distortion problem between the RF components designed in the wideband multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) RF transceiver. In order to solve this problem, we will explore the feasible estimation, compensation and calibration procedures for the three coupled scenarios of the transmitter, receiver and transceiver. However, there is accompanied by the frequency dependent crosstalk response in the wideband coupling system. Therefore, the estimation schemes mainly adopt the Least Square (LS) method with the switching of multiple RF signals under the same frequency. Next, the compensation techniques are proposed by the pre-compensation and post-processing designs to overcome the crosstalk between RF transmitters and RF receivers. For the calibration procedures, the procedure is the receiver crosstalk calibration being processed before the transmitter crosstalk side in the MIMO wideband crosstalk transceiver. For the main purpose, it is expected that the above methods can be employed for the calibration of PC board designed by ITRI and be implemented to transmit multiple kinds of wideband signals. In order to achieve the above objectives, the thesis firstly developed all digital software platform to simulate MIMO coupling scenarios and the designed estimation and compensation techniques, can be initially verified by the feasibility of the calibration rules. Next, the commercial AD9371 wideband RF module is used in conjunction with the wideband crosstalk scenarios, i.e., the "crosstalk module composed of Mini-Circuit components (called RFbox)" and the "crosstalk PC circuit board made by ITRI", to integrate the above-mentioned software simulation platform and achieve the purpose of eliminating wideband crosstalk in the actual platform. To sum up, the above proposed design flows can combine the theory, simulation and practical module measurements to overcome the wideband crosstalk response and achieve high-quality communication requirements in MIMO wideband crosstalk system.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xix
第一章、緒論 1
第二章、多輸入輸出寬頻串擾現象 3
2.1 前言 3
2.2 多輸入輸出寬頻發射端串擾與預補償介紹 3
2.3多輸入輸出寬頻接收端串擾與後處理介紹 4
2.4多輸入輸出寬頻串擾現象說明 5
2.4.1 EVM 性能指標介紹 7
第三章、寬頻多輸入輸出系統估測發射端串擾與發射端預補償 8
3.1 前言 8
3.2 發射端估測寬頻串擾因子及預補償數學模型介紹 9
3.2.1 最小平方法估測發射端串擾因子 10
3.2.2 發射端串擾預補償參數估算 12
3.3 發射端寬頻串擾調校方法 17
3.4利用MATLAB模擬多輸入輸出發射端寬頻串擾估測與調校方法 20
3.5利用AD9371實測驗證多輸入輸出發射端寬頻串擾估測調校法則 26
3.5.1搭配RFbox實測驗證發射端寬頻串擾估測與補償 29
3.5.2搭配自製串擾PC板實測驗證發射端寬頻串擾估測與補償 38
3.5.3 串擾響應實際測試之訊號與階數確認說明 46
第四章、寬頻多輸入輸出系統估測接收端串擾與接收端後處理 47
4.1 前言 47
4.2 接收端估測寬頻串擾因子及後處理數學模型介紹 48
4.2.1. 最小平方法估測接收端串擾因子 50
4.2.2接收端串擾後處理補償參數估算 55
4.3接收端寬頻串擾調校方法 64
4.4利用MATLAB模擬多輸入輸出接收端寬頻串擾估測與調校方法 67
4.5. 利用AD9371實測驗證多輸入輸出接收端寬頻串擾估測調校法則75
4.5.1. 搭配RFbox實測驗證接收端寬頻串擾估測與補償 76
4.5.2. 搭配自製串擾PC板實測驗證接收端寬頻串擾估測與補償 84
第五章、聯合發射端與接收端串擾調校實現寬頻多輸入輸出收發機系統
92
5.1 前言 92
5.2 聯合發射端與接收端寬頻串擾調校方法 93
5.2.1先估測接收端串擾調校方法 95
5.2.2 再估測發射端串擾調校方法 96
5.3利用MATLAB模擬多輸入輸出聯合發射端與接收端寬頻串擾估測與調校方法 99
5.3.1 模擬驗證先估測接收端串擾調校方法 101
5.3.2 模擬驗證再估測發射端串擾調校方法 107
5.4 利用AD9371實測驗證多輸入輸出聯合發射端與接收端寬頻串擾估測與調校法則 114
5.4.1搭配RFbox實測驗證寬頻串擾收發機估測與補償 115
5.4.2搭配自製串擾PC板實測驗證寬頻串擾收發機估測與補 125
第六章、結論 135
參考文獻 137

[1] Fernando Gregorio1, Juan Cousseau, Stefan Werner, Taneli Riihonen and Risto Wichman, "Power amplifier linearization technique with IQ imbalance and crosstalk compensation for broadband MIMO-OFDM transmitters", EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, pp. 1-15, Jan. 2011.
[2] Fernando Gregorio1, Juan Cousseau, Stefan Werner, Taneli Riihonen and Risto Wichman,"Compensation of IQ Imbalance and Transmitter Nonlinearities in Broadband MIMO-OFDM", IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 2394-2396, 2011.
[3] Shoaib Amin, Per N. Landin, Peter Händel, and Daniel Rönnow," Behavioral Modeling and Linearization of Crosstalk and Memory Effects in RF MIMO Transmitters", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, no. 4, April 2014.
[4] Hua Qian, Xin Cheng, Xiliang Luo, and Weifeng Feng, "Calibration of Nonlinear Crosstalk in MIMO Transmitter", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 5, May 2017.
[5] Lei Ding, Zhengxiang Ma, Dennis R. Morgan, Mike Zierdt, and G. Tong Zhou, "Compensation of Frequency-Dependent Gain/Phase Imbalance in Predistortion Linearization Systems", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems —I: Regular Papers, vol. 55, no. 1, February 2008.
[6] Seyed Aidin Bassam, Mohamed Helaoui, and Fadhel M. Ghannouchi,"Crossover Digital Predistorter for the Compensation of Crosstalk and Nonlinearity in MIMO Transmitters", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 57, no. 5, May 2009.
[7] 顏罡, 張孝林, 智建軍, " 一種對射頻鏈路中的信號進行矯正的方法及預矯正器 ", 授權公共號 CN101399637, January 25 2012.
[8] Kok-Wui Cheong, " Far-end Crosstalk Mitigation in Multiple-Input Multiple- Output (MIMO) Channels using Partial Maximum Likelihood MIMO-DFE ", Patent No. US7542528 B1, June 2 2009.
[9] Min-Ho Cheong, Hyeong-Jun Park, Yong-Hwan Lee, " Method and Apparatus for Cancellation of Cross-Talk Signals using Multi-Dimensional Coordination and Vectored Transmission ", Patent No. US7769100 B2, August 3 2010.
[10] 阿里‧索赫爾‧薩德利, 阿列克謝‧芙拉蒂米若維奇‧霍耶夫, 維克多‧季莫費耶維奇‧俄莫萊耶夫, 羅曼‧ 歐雷格維其‧馬斯倫尼科夫, " 減少MIMO通信系統中的串擾的方法和裝置 ", 授權公共號CN1918870 B, May 11 2011.
[11] Keshab K. Parhi, Leanics Corporation, " System and Mwthod for MIMO Equalization for DSP Transceivers ", Patent No. US7561633 B2, July 14 2009.
[12] F.M. Ghannouchi, S.A. Bassam, M. Helaoui, R. Darraji, " System and Method for Distortion Correction in MIMO and Multiband Transmitters ", Patent No. US9621236 B2, April 11 2017.
[13] 李佳芳, " 寬頻射頻不完美校正技術研究與實測驗證 ", 元智大學碩士論文, July 2018.
[14] https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD9371.pdf, Datasheet of AD9371 in ADI Company.
[15] https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/linux-software/iio_oscilloscope, ADI Company of AD9371 IIO Oscilloscope System.