臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電鍍工業之電鍍廢液多以化學沉澱法處理之，其缺點污泥結構鬆散，不利於沉澱、過濾等後續運作，污泥化學性質不夠安定，所含之重金屬易再溶出，必須後續的固化處理才能掩埋處置但固化相對於土地資源則造成極大的浪費。
本研究針對電鍍廢水分為有機物與重金屬兩部份討論，且各別對於有機物使用Fenton法，重金屬則使用鐵氧磁體程序，目的使上澄液能符合法規標準，且產生之重金屬污泥可視為一般事業廢棄物。
首先以模擬廢水進行探討其鐵氧磁體程序探討參數為：pH值、反應溫度、Fe/M莫耳比、反應時間與曝氣量。而結果指出其最佳操作為條件(pH=10)、溫度為90℃、Fe/M莫耳比為七倍反應時間80 min及曝氣量1.0 L air / min / L solution。另外Fenton法主要探討參數為：pH值、過氧化氫加藥量、亞鐵加藥量與反應時間等，待確定較佳處理參數後接著與鐵氧磁體程序做結合，研究顯示Fenton法之去除效率較佳操作條件為pH=3、亞鐵加藥量3000 mg/L、過氧化氫加藥量13000 mg/L及反應時間2 hr。
原水測得COD為1162 mg/L、重金屬Cr 70 mg/L、重金屬Zn為400 mg/L而經由串連Fenton法與鐵氧磁體程序後，其處理成效放流水COD為88.5 mg/L、重金屬Cr為1.06 mg/L、重金屬Zn為0.98 mg/L；TCLP後重金屬Cr為3.37 mg/L、重金屬Zn為2.46 mg/L。因此，結合兩處理方法，可使COD值與重金屬含量均低於放流水法規標準，且沉澱之金屬污泥經過TCLP程序經檢驗可獲判為一般事業廢棄物，如此可不需固化處理減少掩埋體積，且其磁性特性後續可回收再利用。

The electroplating wastewater is usually treated by chemical precipitation, and the generated sludge has loose structure to cause the difficulties in sedimentation and filtration. Moreover, the sludge is unstable and the contained heavy metals are easily leached. Solidification is one method to deal with this kind of sludge; however it cause another problem, land requirement.
In this study, the contents of electroplating wastewater are divided into two parts organic matters and heavy metals; organic matters are treated by Fenton method and heavy metals are by Ferrite process. The purpose of this study is that through the serial Fenton-Ferrite Process treatment the effluent water and the sludge generated from the procedure could meet the standards in Taiwan.
It was well-know that the primary operation factors of Ferrite Process are pH, reaction temperature, ferrous ion concentration, time and aeration. The results showed that the proper factors of FP were pH=10, temperature= 90℃, Fe/M molar ratio= 7,reaction time=80 min and aeration rate=1.0 L air / min / L solution. However, in Fenton method, the parameters of pH, hydrogen peroxide, ferrous ion concentration, and reaction time were discussed. I had greatest efficiency under the data showed that Fenton method pH = 3, ferrous ion concentration=3000 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide = 13000 mg/L, and reaction time=2 hr.
The wastewater measured COD =1162 mg/L, Cr=70 mg/L, Zn=400 mg/L. The treatment efficiency of the procedure combining Fenton method and Ferrite Process were that COD=88.5 mg/L, Cr=1.06 mg/L, and Zn=0.98 mg/Lin effluent water and the TCLP test results of sludge were Cr=3.37 mg/L, Zn=2.46 mg/L. All the data showed that the combination of the two process can significantly treat wastewater to meet the standards. Furthermore, the sludge can be recycled as magnetic materials or other purposes due to it’s specific properties.

目 錄
謝誌 Ⅰ
中文摘要 Ⅱ
英文摘要 Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 Ⅹ
圖目錄 ⅩⅡ
第一章 緒論 1-1
1-1 研究源起 1-1
1-2 研究目的 1-3
第二章 文獻回顧 2-1
2-1 電鍍業簡介 2-1
2-1-1電鍍業發展及電鍍用途 2-1
2-1-2電鍍流程 2-1
2-1-3重金屬廢水處理方法 2-3
2-1-4高濃度有機廢水處理方法 2-5
2-2鐵氧磁體程序原理與影響因素 2-6
2-2-1鐵氧磁體程序之理論基礎與相關研究 2-6
2-2-2鐵氧磁體化法之原理 2-7
2-2-3鐵氧磁體化法之影響因子 2-13
2-2-4鐵氧磁體化法之相關研究 2-15
2-3 Fenton法原理與影響因素 2-20
2-3-1 Fenton法之氧化原理 2-20
2-3-2 Fenton法去除有機物之影響因子 2-22
2-3-3 Fenton法之相關研究 2-25
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 3-1
3-1 研究架構與實驗流程 3-1
3-2 實驗設備與材料 3-3
3-2-1鐵氧磁體程序設備與材料 3-3
3-2-2 Fenton法設備與材料 3-5
3-2-3 實驗藥品與試劑 3-7
3-3 實驗分析項目及方法 3-8
3-4 實驗步驟及操作條件 3-12
3-4-1 原水水質 3-12
3-4-2鐵氧磁體程序操作條件 3-13
3-4-3 Fenton法操作條件 3-14
3-4-4結合Fenton法與鐵氧磁體程序效果評估 3-15
第四章 結果與討論 4-1
4-1鐵氧磁體程序處理電鍍廢水最佳操作條件 4-1
4-1-1實驗室配製模擬之電鍍廢水 4-1
4-1-2 pH值對鐵氧磁體程序之影響 4-2
4-1-3溫度對鐵氧磁體程序之影響 4-4
4-1-4 Fe/M莫耳比對鐵氧磁體程序之影響 4-7
4-1-5延長時間、增加曝氣量對鐵氧磁體程序之影響 4-9
4-1-6三段式加藥量對鐵氧磁體程序之影響 4-12
4-2 Fenton法處理電鍍廢水有機物最佳操作條件 4-12
4-2-1 pH值對Fenton法之影響 4-13
4-2-2過氧化氫(H2O2)加藥量對Fenton法之影響 4-15
4-2-3亞鐵離子加藥量對Fenton法之影響 4-16
4-2-4反應時間對Fenton法之影響 4-19
4-3 Fenton法與鐵氧磁體程序結合 4-21
4-3-1結合Fenton法與鐵氧磁體程序選用操作參數 4-21
4-3-2實廠電鍍廢水之處理成效 4-22
4-4 SEM及XRD分析結果 4-23
4-4-1掃描式電子顯微鏡分析(SEM) 4-23
4-4-2 X射線繞射(XRD)分析 4-27
4-4-3尖晶石產物磁性量測 4-28
4-5成本評估 4-29
第五章 結論與建議 5-1
5-1 結論 5-1
5-2 建議 5-4
參考文獻 參-1
表 目 錄
表2-1 不同重金屬分離技術之比較表 2-4
表2-2 有機污染廢水處理方法之比較表 2-5
表2-3 尖晶石型鐵氧磁體可包含之金屬種類 2-8
表2-4 鐵氧磁體化法影響因子之相關文獻 (1/4) 2-16
表2-4 鐵氧磁體化法影響因子之相關文獻 (2/4) 2-17
表2-4 鐵氧磁體化法影響因子之相關文獻 (3/4) 2-18
表2-4 鐵氧磁體化法影響因子之相關文獻 (4/4) 2-19
表2-5 以Fenton法處理有機污染物之相關文獻 (1/2) 2-26
表2-5 以Fenton法處理有機污染物之相關文獻 (2/2) 2-27
表3-1 電鍍廢水水質 3-12
表3-2 鐵氧磁體程序操作參數 3-13
表3-3 Fenton法操作參數 3-14
表4-1 僅調整pH值上澄液數據 4-3
表4-2 僅調整溫度上澄液數據 4-5
表4-3 僅調整Fe/M莫耳比上澄液數據 4-8
表4-4 將最佳條件編號比較其差異 4-10
表4-5 不同組別之上澄液數據 4-10
表4-6 法規標準、原水及放流水數據 4-23
表4-7 Fenton-Ferrite Process成本分析表 4-30
圖 目 錄
圖 2-1 鐵氧磁體尖晶石結構 2-9
圖2-2 形成鐵氧磁體之氧化條件 2-12
圖3-1 研究架構及實驗流程 3-2
圖3-2 鐵氧磁體程序設備圖 3-4
圖3-3 Fenton法設備圖 3-6
圖4-1 調整pH值Cr金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-3
圖4-2 調整pH值Zn金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-4
圖4-3 調整溫度Cr金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-6
圖4-4 調整溫度Zn金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-6
圖4-5 調整Fe/M莫耳比Cr金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-8
圖4-6 調整Fe/M莫耳比Zn金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-9
圖4-7 不同組別Cr金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-11
圖4-8 不同組別Zn金屬之溶出濃度(TCLP) 4-11
圖4-9 改變pH對COD及COD去除率之影響比較圖 4-13
圖4-10 改變過氧化氫加藥量對COD及COD去除率之影響比較圖 4-16
圖4-11 改變亞鐵加藥量對COD及COD去除率之影響比較圖 (7000 mg/L) 4-17
圖4-12 改變亞鐵加藥量對COD及COD去除率之影響比較圖(10000 mg/L) 4-18
圖4-13 改變亞鐵加藥量對COD及COD去除率之影響比較圖(13000 mg/L) 4-18
圖4-14 過氧化氫與亞鐵加藥量對COD去除率之影響 4-19
圖4-15 反應時間對COD及COD去除率之影響 4-20
圗4-16 反應時間對TOC及TOC去除率之影響 4-21
圗4-17 Cr.Zn/Fe之SEM影像圖(1) 4-24
圗4-18 Cr.Zn/Fe之SEM影像圖(2) 4-25
圗4-19 Cr.Zn/Fe之SEM影像圖(3) 4-25
圗4-20 Cr.Zn/Fe之SEM影像圖(4) 4-26
圗4-21 Cr.Zn/Fe之三段式SEM圖 4-26
圗4-22 廢水三段式鐵氧磁體程序後之XRD影像圖 4-27
圗4-23 廢水鐵氧磁體程序後之XRD影像圖 4-28
圗4-24 鐵氧磁體尖晶石污泥磁滯曲線圖 4-29

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