臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 螢幕目前已逐漸取代了以往的CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) 螢幕，成為VDT (Visual Display Terminal) 工作站螢幕的主流。但是，CRT仍為多數VDT工作站所採用的螢幕，有關CRT及LCD工作站使用者視覺績效與視覺疲勞的課題，需要更進一步的探討。因此，本研究設計兩個實驗來探討螢幕類型、文字/背景色彩組合、中文字型及行距對搜尋作業及閱讀作業視覺績效及視覺疲勞的影響。在第一個實驗中，搜尋作業之視覺績效以搜尋正確率來衡量，而視覺疲勞則以閃光融合閾值 (Critical Fusion Frequency；CFF) 的變化及視覺疲勞主觀評量變化來衡量。在第二個實驗中，作業之視覺績效以閱讀時間以及回答文章相關問題之正確率來衡量，而視覺疲勞則以閃光融合閾值的變化以及視覺疲勞主觀評量變化來衡量。結果顯示，螢幕類型對搜尋作業之搜尋正確率、閃光融合閾值與視覺疲勞主觀評量變化皆無顯著影響，螢幕類型對閱讀作業的答題正確率、閃光融合閾值皆無顯著影響，但卻對閱讀作業之閱讀時間有顯著之影響，LCD有比CRT短的閱讀時間。中文字型對搜尋作業的搜尋正確率及視覺疲勞主觀評量變化無顯著影響，但中文字型對搜尋作業的閃光融合閾值有顯著的影響，標楷體以及仿宋體為閃光融合閾值下降最多的一組。中文字型對閱讀作業的閱讀時間、答題正確率、閃光融合閾值及視覺疲勞主觀評量變化皆無顯著影響。文字/背景色彩組合對搜尋作業的閃光融合閾值、視覺疲勞主觀評量變化無顯著影響，但對搜尋作業之搜尋正確率則有顯著的影響，色差大的文字/背景色彩組合有大的搜尋正確率，文字/背景色彩組合對閱讀作業的閃光融合閾值、視覺疲勞主觀評量變化無顯著的影響，但文字/背景色彩組合對閱讀作業之閱讀時間與答題正確率則有顯著的影響，色差大的文字/背景色彩組合有短的閱讀時間及大的答題正確率。行距對搜尋作業閃光融合閾值、視覺疲勞主觀評量變化無顯著的影響，但卻對搜尋作業的搜尋正確率有顯著影響，單行距(視角約17.6分)有比0.5行距(視角約8.8分)大的搜尋正確率。行距對閱讀作業的閱讀時間、答題正確率及視覺疲勞主觀評量變化無顯著之影響。但卻對閱讀作業的閃光融合閾值有顯著的影響，單行距(視角約17.6分)的閃光融合閾值下降量比0.5行距(視角約8.8分)的閃光融合閾值下降量小。
關鍵詞：VDT、色彩組合、字型、行距、視覺績效、視覺疲勞。

LCD monitors have gradually replaced the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors to be the major visual terminals (VDT). However, CRTs are still widely used in many VDT workstations. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the effect of monitor on user''''s visual performance and visual fatigue. Therefore, two experiments were designed in this study to investigate the effect of screen type, text/background color combination, Chinese typographic, and line space of VDT searching and reading tasks on subjects'''' visual performance and visual fatigue. In the first experiment, correct rate of searching was used to measure users'''' visual performance of searching task and users'''' visual fatigue was measured by CFF (Critical Fusion Frequency) and subjects'''' subjective visual fatigue. In the second experiment, the visual performance of reading task was measured by reading time and correct rate of answering questions about reading task and visual fatigue was measured in the same way of the first experiment. Analysis of results showed that screen type had no significant effect on users'''' visual performance and visual fatigue of searching task. Regarding to reading task, screen type had no significant effect on correct rate of answering questions and CFF. However, it had significant effect the reading time. The reading time of subjects on LCD was less than that of subjects on CRT. Chinese typographic had no significant effect on users'''' visual performance and subjects'''' subjective visual fatigue of searching task, but it had significant effect on CFF. The CFF of subjects on standard Kai type and imitative Sung type decreased mostly. Regarding to reading task, Chinese typographic had no significant effect on users'''' visual performance and visual fatigue. Text/background color combination had no significant effect on users'''' CFF and subjects'''' subjective visual fatigue of searching task, but it had significant effect on correct rate of searching. Text/background color combination had no significant effect on users'''' visual fatigue of reading task, but it had significant on effect users'''' correct rate of answering questions and reading time of reading task. When the color difference of Text/background color combination became larger, the reading time became shorter and correct rate of answering questions became larger. Line space had no significant effect on the reading task of users'''' CFF and the subjects'''' subjective visual fatigue, but it had significant effect on correct rate of searching of searching task. The correct rate of searching of subjects on single space (visual angle was approximately 17.6 min) was higher than that of subjects on 0.5 space (visual angle was approximately 8.8 min). Line space had no significant effect on the reading time, correct rate of answering questions and subjects'''' subjective visual fatigue of reading task, but it had significant effect on CFF. The CFF of subjects on single space (visual angle was approximately 17.6 min) decrease less than that of subjects on 0.5 space (visual angle was approximately 8.8 min).
Keywords: VDT, color combination, Chinese typographic, line space, visual performance, visual fatigue.

目錄
封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書--------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------v
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------vii
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------xv
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------xvi
第一章 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1研究背景與動機-----------------------------------------------------1
1.2研究目的--------------------------------------------------------------2
第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------------------------3
2.1螢幕類型--------------------------------------------------------------3
2.2文字/背景色彩組合-------------------------------------------------4
2.3字型--------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.4行距--------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.5視覺疲勞之量測-----------------------------------------------------8
2.5.1閃光融合閾值---------------------------------------------------8
2.5.2視覺疲勞主觀評量---------------------------------------------9
第三章 研究方法------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1實驗一----------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1.1受試者----------------------------------------------------------10
3.1.2設備-------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1.3 VDT工作站的條件-------------------------------------------11
3.1.4實驗設計-------------------------------------------------------11
3.1.5實驗程序-------------------------------------------------------13
3.1.6資料蒐集與分析----------------------------------------------15
3.2實驗二----------------------------------------------------------------16
3.2.1受試者----------------------------------------------------------17
3.2.2實驗程序-------------------------------------------------------17
3.2.3資料蒐集與分析----------------------------------------------20
第四章 結果------------------------------------------------------------------21
4.1實驗一----------------------------------------------------------------21
4.1.1搜尋正確率----------------------------------------------------21
4.1.1.1螢幕類型對搜尋正確率的影響-----------------------22
4.1.1.2字型對搜尋正確率的影響-----------------------------23
4.1.1.3行距對搜尋正確率的影響-----------------------------23
4.1.1.4文字/背景色彩組合對搜尋正確率的影響----------23
4.1.1.5因子間交互作用對搜尋正確率的影響--------------24
4.1.2閃光融合閾值變化-------------------------------------------25
4.1.2.1螢幕類型對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------26
4.1.2.2字型對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------------26
4.1.2.3行距對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------------27
4.1.2.4因子間交互作用對閃光融合閾值變化的影響-----27
4.1.3視覺疲勞主觀評量變化-------------------------------------27
4.1.3.1螢幕類型對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------28
4.1.3.2字型對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------------29
4.1.3.3行距對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------------29
4.1.3.4因子間交互作用對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--
------------------------------------------------------------29
4.2實驗二----------------------------------------------------------------30
4.2.1閱讀時間-------------------------------------------------------30
4.2.1.1螢幕類型對閱讀時間的影響--------------------------32
4.2.1.2字型對閱讀時間的影響--------------------------------32
4.2.1.3行距對閱讀時間的影響--------------------------------32
4.2.1.4文字/背景色彩組合對閱讀時間的影響-------------32
4.2.1.5因子間交互作用對閱讀時間的影響-----------------33
4.2.2答題正確率----------------------------------------------------34
4.2.2.1螢幕類型對答題正確率的影響-----------------------36
4.2.2.2字型對答題正確率的----------------------------------37
4.2.2.3行距對答題正確率的影響-----------------------------37
4.2.2.4文字/背景色彩組合對答題正確率的影響----------37
4.2.2.5因子間交互作用對答題正確率的影響--------------38
4.2.3閃光融合閾值變化-------------------------------------------38
4.2.3.1螢幕類型對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------39
4.2.3.2字型對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------------39
4.2.3.3行距對閃光融合閾值變化的影響--------------------40
4.2.3.4因子間交互作用對閃光融合閾值變化的影響-----40
4.2.4視覺疲勞主觀評量變化-------------------------------------40
4.2.4.1螢幕類型對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------41
4.2.4.2字型對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------------42
4.2.4.3行距對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--------------42
4.2.4.4因子間交互作用對視覺疲勞主觀評量變化的影響--
------------------------------------------------------------42
第五章 討論------------------------------------------------------------------43
5.1螢幕類型-------------------------------------------------------------43
5.2文字/背景色彩組合------------------------------------------------44
5.3字型-------------------------------------------------------------------46
5.4行距-------------------------------------------------------------------46
第六章 結論與建議---------------------------------------------------------48
參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------------------51
附錄一--------------------------------------------------------------------------55
圖目錄
圖3-1實驗時VDT工作站的安排-----------------------------------------11
圖3-2實驗一螢幕的呈現---------------------------------------------------15
圖3-3實驗二螢幕的文章呈現---------------------------------------------19
圖3-4實驗二螢幕的問卷呈現---------------------------------------------19
圖4-1受試者在各種螢幕類型及文字/背景色彩組合下的搜尋正確率----------------------------------------------------------------------25
圖4-2受試者在各種螢幕類型及文字/背景色彩組合下的平均閱讀時間-------------------------------------------------------------------34
表目錄
表3-1本研究採用的各個電腦色彩之CIE色彩值及亮度值---------12
表3-2本研究採用的各種電腦文字/背景之色差與計算相關資-----13
表4-1各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的平均搜尋正確率------21
表4-2平均搜尋正確率變異數分析表------------------------------------22
表4-3螢幕類型與文字/背景色彩組合交互作用的平均搜尋正確率--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------24
表4-4各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的閃光融合閾值變化---25
表4-5閃光融合閾值變化變異數分析表---------------------------------26
表4-6各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的視覺疲勞主觀評量變化 -------------------------------------------------------------------------28
表4-7視覺疲勞主觀評量變化變異數分析表---------------------------28
表4-8各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的平均閱讀時間---------30
表4-9平均文章閱讀時間變異數分析表---------------------------------31
表4-10螢幕類型與文字/背景色彩組合交互作用的平均閱讀時間---
------------------------------------------------------------------------34
表4-11各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的平均答題正確率----35
表4-12平均答題正確率變異數分析表----------------------------------36
表4-13各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的閃光融合閾值變化-38
表4-14閃光融合閾值變化變異數分析表-------------------------------39
表4-15各個自變數在不同水準之下受試者的視覺疲勞主觀評量變化---------------------------------------------------------------------41
表4-16視覺疲勞主觀評量變化變異數分析表-------------------------41
表6-1搜尋作業與閱讀作業結果與建議總表---------------------------50

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