臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本系統主要實現於軟體定義網路拓樸(Software Defined Network, SDN)、網路功能虛擬化(Network Function Virtualization, NFV)等第五代行動通訊(5G)相關之技術，達成快速與高效節能的運算與網路環境。
現在絕大多數的人都擁有手機、平板電腦、筆記型電腦等行動裝置，甚至不只一台，要是所有行動裝置對集中管理的伺服器請求服務，就會讓整個網路中裝置的能源使用效率、服務品質(QoS)、以及使用者經驗品質(QoE)大幅降低。以流行的直播網路架構來說，皆是以數據中心(Data Center)的概念來進行設計的，這看似成熟且完整的網路架構，仍然還有很多缺點。在運動、新聞、知名實況主、…、等等直播中，使用者會發現畫面不定時的延遲甚至停頓，這是因為大量使用者對同一台伺服器要求實況導致頻寬不足，傳統上若要增加頻寬，即是花錢架設更多伺服器或者鋪設更多的實體網路線路。
本論文提出以裝置自動組織成為群集，透過裝置與裝置的通訊(Device to Device Communication)，由裝置轉傳影音數位內容中的資料，擔任虛擬的路由器角色，達成NFV的目的，減少裝置對伺服器發出請求來減輕伺服器服務裝置的負擔，讓所有群集成員就可互相交換訊息並享受多媒體與各種形式的數位內容廣播服務。本論文所提出的系統以多個異質網路節點(node)與2台伺服器—媒體伺服器(video server)以及會計伺服器(accounting server)所共同組成，所有node包含伺服器，皆擁有著溝通其他裝置的功能，且能夠以此功能動態組織群組(新增與移除node成員)。群組是由分散的node自我組織而成，其中的node皆會透過accounting server提供的資訊發現(discovery)其他可以提供服務的node，並以動態形成階層式群組，建構有利的網路傳輸路徑來達成SDN的目的。
實驗中以50台PC、以及三個行動裝置同時向媒體伺服器提出19201080 (HD)畫質的H.264影片要求，管理用的會計伺服器只需5KB/s進行管理訊息傳遞，而媒體伺服器共約只需4~6MB/s的對外服務頻寬，節省了媒體伺服器共約60~70%左右的頻寬。

The proposed system realizes Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) which are the essence of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication to achieve high performance computing and networking.
Large amount of devices are surrounding our daily life. Massive devices simultaneously requesting services from a single server will certainly downgrade the network efficiency and consequently reduce the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE). Taking the live streaming network architecture as an example, we see the main techniques are based on data center with centralized servers. The servers suffer from serious bandwidth shortage especially when large amount of users are requesting the live stream at the same time. The traditional solution to this problem is to increase investment deploying more physical apparatus and networks.
In this thesis, we propose autonomous clustering technique where Device to Device Communication (D2D) enable each device, mobile or not, relaying digital contents and acting a virtual router to achieve the NFV purpose. This technique dramatically reduce the number of direct requests to the media and network control servers and devices shares multimedia contents from each other through the virtualized D2D communication. The proposed architecture comprises multiple heterogeneous network nodes, a video server, and an accounting server. All the nodes, including possible large servers, are capable of communicating with other. The clusters of nodes autonomously and dynamically organized. In a cluster, according to the accounting server’s information, each node discovers a preceding node that is able to provide the requesting service. Once the preceding node fails to provide the service at some moment, the discovering procedure is revoked. The hierarchy of the network topology is then defined by the discovery procedure and thus the SDN purpose is achieved.
In the experiment, 50 PCs and three mobile device request 19201080 (HD) H.264 stream at the same time. The accounting server needs only 5KB/s for management message delivery while the media server requires only 4~6MB/s outgoing service bandwidth. Compared to traditional method, the proposed method saves 60~70% bandwidth.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致謝 v
目錄 vi
壹、緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究背景 3
1.3 研究現況與比較 4
1.3.1內容傳遞網路伺服器 4
1.3.2軟體定義廣域網路 6
1.3.3 OpenFlow 8
1.3.4 BitTorrent 10
1.3.5 第五代移動通信系統 12
1.3.6 舊版Multi-Tier Mobile Cloud Network 14
貳、實況分流系統架構 18
2.1系統運作流程 18
2.2實況接收與儲存 19
2.3程式控管 24
2.4 5G節流系統架構 25
參、系統理論 27
3.1路徑演算法 27
肆、實驗 30
4.1實驗設計 30
4.2實驗結果 32
陸、結論與未來發展 41
References 42

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