臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景和目的：停經後的婦女，女性荷爾蒙開始缺乏，這種改變使停經後婦女產生許多症狀，例如增加高血壓的罹患率和骨質疏鬆風險增加等。許多文獻指出氧化壓力與心血管疾病和高血壓的發生是相關的，也有研究發現透過抗氧化劑能夠預防和治療骨質疏鬆。原兒茶酸 (protocatechuic acid, PCA) 是有效的抗氧化劑，而且具有改善高血壓的效果；此外，運動訓練對於健康有許多的好處，能夠改善心血管功能和預防骨質流失，但目前尚無研究去探討原兒茶酸和運動訓練對於停經後高血壓骨質疏鬆的影響。因此本研究目的主要是比較運動和原兒茶酸介入對於停經後高血壓大鼠骨骼結構之影響。方法：本研究採用十五週大之雌性自發性高血壓大鼠，進行卵巢切除後，隨機分成高血壓卵巢切除組、高血壓卵巢切除合併運動組和高血壓卵巢切除合併原兒茶酸組，並以週齡相符之正常血壓大鼠做為對照組，實驗共分為四組。高血壓卵巢切除合併原兒茶酸組每天每公斤體重給予200毫克的原兒茶酸添加於飲水中，餵食八週；而高血壓卵巢切除合併運動訓練組每天進行跑步機運動六十分鐘，每週五天，訓練八週。於介入八週後使用DXEA測量四組之骨密度，並於實驗結束後取其脛骨和股骨，脛骨進行靜態組織學分析海綿骨結構及骨吸收和骨生成作用；而以股骨進行力學壓斷測試，測量其組織生物力學特性，最後進行四組之統計分析。結果：本研究發現在停經後高血壓動物模式下，八週運動訓練和原兒茶酸介入後皆: (一)顯著降低血壓 (p＜0.05)； (二) 顯著增加骨密度 (p＜0.05)； (三) 顯著改善骨小樑結構 (p＜0.05)； (四) 顯著增加骨生成作用 (p＜0.05)； (五) 顯著降低骨吸收作用 (p＜0.05); (六) 改善力學材料特性的降伏點堅韌度及楊氏系數，但未達顯著差異。結論：長期運動訓練和原兒茶酸介入能同樣地改善停經後高血壓之骨質流失效果，建議未來可以做為骨質疏鬆之有效預防方法。

Background and purpose: The postmenopausal woman has high risk of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension. Evidences indicate that high blood pressure is associated with abnormalities of calcium metabolism, leading to an increase in calcium loss. Previous studies have indicated protocatechuic acid (PCA) has strong antioxidant capacity and could be beneficial for hypertension. Moreover, exercise has been known to improve and prevent the osteoporosis. However, few studies explored and compared the effects of PCA and exercise intervention on bone histomorphometry in postmenopause with hypertension. Therfore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term exercise and PCA intervention on bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized hypertensive rats. METHODS: Sixteen-week-old female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used in this study. The SHR were randomly assigned to the ovariectomy without exercise group (OVX) ; the ovariectomy with exercise group (OVX+EX) and the ovariectomy with PCA feeding group (OVX+PCA). The OVX+EX group was trained on the treadmill at moderate intensity for 1 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The OVX+PCA group was fed with the PCA solution (0.2 g/kg/day). At the end of experiments, the BMD, static histomorphometry, biomechanical properties of long bone tissues were measured and compared among four groups. Results: We found that, the 8-weeks exercise and PCA intervention significantly (p<0.05): (1) lower blood pressure; (2) improved BMD; (3) improved trabecular histomorphometry; (4) increased bone formation; (5) reduced bone resorption; (6) tended to improve biomechanical bone material yield toughness and Young’s modulus (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that either exercise training or PCA could ameliorate the osteoporosis in postmenopause with hypertension.

原創聲明書 ....................................................................................... ii
學位考試審定書......................................................................................iii
摘要 ............................................................................................ iv
Abstract ....................................................................................... vi
謝誌 ............................................................................................ viii
目錄 ............................................................................................ ix
表目錄 .......................................................................................... xii
圖目錄 .......................................................................................... xiii
第壹章 緒論 ...................................................................................... 1
第一節 研究背景 ............................................................................... 1
第二節 研究目的 ................................................................................. 2
第三節 研究問題 ................................................................................. 2
第四節 研究假設 ................................................................................. 3
第貳章 文獻探討 ...................................................................................... 4
第一節 停經與骨質疏鬆症 ............................................................... 4
第二節 高血壓與骨質疏鬆症 ........................................................... 6
第三節 骨質疏鬆症成因及機制 ....................................................... 8
第四節 運動與骨骼之關係 ............................................................. 12
第五節 抗氧化劑與骨骼之關係 ..................................................... 15
第参章 材料與方法 ................................................................................... 18
第一節 實驗動物來源與飼養 ......................................................... 18
第二節 長期運動訓練計畫 ............................................................. 19
第三節 休息時心搏率與血壓測量之方法 ..................................... 20
第四節 骨骼樣本之收集與製備 ..................................................... 20
第五節 靜態組織學分析 ................................................................. 21
第六節 骨組織生物力學特性與斷面參數分析............................. 23
第七節 骨骼溼重 (wet weight) 及去脂乾重 (fat-free dry weight) 測量與含水量 ..................................................................................... 24
第八節 統計分析 ............................................................................. 25
第參章 結果 ............................................................................................ 26
第一節 基本生理數據 ..................................................................... 26
第二節 靜態組織學分析與骨密度 ................................................. 27
第三節 海綿骨之骨生成與骨吸收參數 ......................................... 27
第四節 骨骼斷面幾何學測量與含水量 ......................................... 28
第五節 生物力學分析 ..................................................................... 29
第伍章 討論與結論 ................................................................................... 30
第一節 基本生理數據 ..................................................................... 30
第二節 靜態組織學分析與骨密度 ................................................. 31
第三節 骨生成與骨吸收作用 ......................................................... 32
第四節 斷面幾何學與生物力學分析 ............................................. 33
第五節 生理機制 ............................................................................. 34
結論與建議 ......................................................................................... 36
參考文獻 ..................................................................................................... 37
中文部分 ............................................................................................. 37
英文部分 ............................................................................................. 38
表目錄
表 1 八週原兒茶酸和運動介入後之基本生理參數 .............................. 46
表 2 脛骨海綿骨結構 ............................................................................... 47
表 3 股骨斷面參數 ................................................................................... 48
表 4 骨骼乾濕重與含水量 ....................................................................... 49
表 5 股骨生物力學特性 ........................................................................... 50
圖目錄
圖 1 子宮重 ............................................................................................... 52
圖 2 八週介入後各組之全身骨密度 ....................................................... 53
圖 3 靜態組織學分析 ............................................................................... 54
圖 4 靜態組織學分析 ............................................................................... 55
圖 5 海綿骨之鹼性磷酸酶分佈百分比 ................................................... 56
圖 6 海綿骨之破骨細胞數目 ................................................................... 57

吳思頷（2012）。運動和原兒茶酸對於高血壓之心血管功能的影響。未出版碩士論
文，台北市立體育學院，台北市。
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