臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要

本研究之目的在探討不同密度與飼料中添加不同海藻對白蝦幼苗成長及存活之影響。實驗共分為三部分，(一)不同飼養密度探討白蝦的成長及存活率 (二)利用添加不同種類及含量的藻粉以熱水加熱方式添加於飼料中，探討飼料水中安定性與白蝦成長及活存率 (三)飼料中添加不同種類的藻粉及藻膠探討飼料水中安定性與白蝦的成長及活存率。
實驗一配製粗蛋白35%，粗脂質6%，能量272Kcal/100g，以不同飼養密度分別為27.77尾/m2、55.55尾/m2、83.33尾/m2、111.11尾/m2、138.88尾/m2和166.66尾/m2，共6個處理組，各處理組皆投餵相同飼料。實驗結果增重率以密度27.77尾/m2 (1017.16%)處理組最高，且與83.33尾/ m2、111.11尾/ m2、138.88尾/ m2及166.66尾/ m2處理組有顯著差異，所有處理組活存率達80%以上。
實驗二配製粗蛋白35%，粗脂質6%，能量296Kcal/100g，分別添加含 3%、6%與9%乾燥石蓴粉及龍鬚菜粉之熱水藻液，另以未添加藻粉的基礎飼料為對照組。實驗結果平均增重以控制組未添加海藻粉(805.6±48.7%)最佳，添加藻粉處理組以6%龍鬚菜798.6±176.6%較佳，3%石蓴721.9±99.2%次之，所有處理組活存率達93%以上。未添加海藻粉進行4小時的水中安定性測試，其水中安定性為89.0%最高，添加6%石蓴最差86.3%。
實驗三配製粗蛋白35%，粗脂質6%，能量297Kcal/100g，分別添加乾燥之石蓴粉6%、龍鬚菜粉6%，及商業製產品之海藻萃取物之藻酸鈉6%、洋菜膠6%與鹿角叉菜膠6%，另以未添加藻粉及藻膠之基礎飼料為對照組。實驗結果平均增重以藻酸鈉處理組 995.08 ± 147.50%及石蓴處理組950.83 ± 94.32%最佳，未添加藻粉組733.35 ± 87.80%及洋菜處理組678.72 ± 52.12%其增重率最差。龍鬚菜組活存率較差僅達50%，其它處理組均達85%以上。結果顯示4小時的水中安定性測試，其水中安定性以添加洋菜組92.6%與藻酸鈉組92.2%飼料安定性最佳。

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of different stocking density and dietary seaweed sources on the growth and survival of juvenile Litopeaneus vannamei.
Experiment I was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on the growth and survival of juvenile Litopeaneus vannamei. Six different stocking densities (27.77 PL/m2 、55.55 PL/m2、88.33 PL/m2、111.11 PL/m2、138.88 PL/m2 and 166.66 PL/m2) of white shrimp were fed semi-purified diet (35% C.P and 6% crude lipid) for six weeks and detected ammonia every other day. After six weeks, the weight gain of white shrimps stocked with 27.77 PL/m2 was significantly higher than those of stocked with other densities. Survival of all treatments were above 80%.
Experiment II was conducted to evaluate the effects of sources and levels of seaweed meal of hot-water extract on the dietary water stability and growth and survival of juvenile Litopeaneus vannamei. The semi-purified diets contained 3%、6% and 9% hot-water extract of dry powder of Ulva and Gracilaria, respectively. Diet, without hot water extract of dry powder of Ulva and Gracilaria was used as control. White shrimp fed control diet had the highest weight gain (805.6±48.7%), followed by shrimp fed with diet containg 6% Gracilaria (798.6±176.6%), and the lower weight gain of shrimp fed diet with 3% Ulva (721.9±99.2%). Survival of all treatments were above 93%. After four hours of water stability test, the control diet had the highest water stability 89.0% and diet with 6% Ulva had the lowest water stability.
Experiment III was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary seaweed on the dietary water stability and growth and survival of juvenile Litopeaneus vannamei. The semi-purified diet (35% C.P and 6% crude lipid) contained 6% of Ulva meal、Gracilaria meal、alginate、agar and carrageenan, respectively. The shrimps fed diets containing alginate and Ulva meal had the highest weight gain and those fed diet containg agar had the lowest weight gain. The diet containing Gracilaria meal had lower survival 50%. The water stabilities of diets containg agar and alginate were 92.6% and 92.2%, respectively.

目 錄
謝 辭…………………………………………………………i
中文摘要……………………………………………………iii
英文摘要……………………………………………………v
表目錄………………………………………………………vii
前 言………………………………………………………1
文獻整理……………………………………………………5
一. 白蝦的分類地位………………………………………5
二. 白蝦型態………………………………………………5
三. 白蝦主要生態分佈與養殖情形………………………6
四. 白蝦養殖現況…………………………………………7
五. 密度對蝦類的影響……………………………………8
六. 飼料黏著劑……………………………………………9
七. 海藻多醣之簡介………………………………………9
八. 大型經濟海藻…………………………………………12
材 料 與 方 法……………………………………………13
一.實驗動物…………………………………………………13
二.實驗材料…………………………………………………13
三.實驗系統…………………………………………………13
四.實驗條件…………………………………………………14
五.實驗飼料設計之製作……………………………………14
六.一般成分分析……………………………………………16
1.水份………………………………………………………16
2.灰份………………………………………………………16
3.粗蛋白……………………………………………………16
4.粗脂質……………………………………………………16
5.粗纖維…………………………………………………16
6.總能量……………………………………………………17
七.水中安定性測定…………………………………………17
八.白蝦體組織之製備……………………………………………17
九.統計分析………………………………………………………18
結 果………………………………………………………………19
實驗一……………………………………………………………19
實驗二……………………………………………………………20
實驗三……………………………………………………………22
討 論 ..…………………………………………………………24
不同飼養密度對於白蝦的成長及存活率之影響………………24
不同種類海藻膠對飼料安定性及白蝦苗成長及活存之影響…25
結 論………………………………………………………………31
參 考 文 獻………………………………………………………32
圖 表………………………………………………………………41

參 考 文 獻

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