臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本篇論文構想是設計一有機發光二極體元件，在單位像素(pixel)下具有調光色之功能，可發出各色光或組合出白光。論文將以數個有激發光二極體元件垂直堆疊，同時保有各別操控功能之垂直堆疊元件來達成概念。文中將藍光及綠光元件正反倒置堆疊，並共用中間穿透式陰極，減少元件之複雜度及電極數目。
　　由於本實驗室尚未發展過此垂直堆疊並具有獨立操控之電極層之元件結構，故本文將針對垂直堆疊元件之平台建立及中間穿透式電極層最佳化之兩大重點進行研究探討，實驗以螢光材料MADN做為正置之藍光發光單元的發光層；螢光材料Alq3做為倒置之綠光發光單元的發光層，並最佳化n型摻雜注入層及倒置式元件結構，所得之結構分別為藍光單元：ITO/NPB(50 nm)/MADN(55 nm)/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Ag(100 nm)以及綠光單元：ITO/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/NPB(50 nm)/WO3(20 nm)/Al(120 nm)。在個別單元結構確立後將之疊加，並套用WO3/Ag(14 nm)/WO3做為穿透式陰極取代原結構之反射式陰極。
　　根據實驗電極最佳化之結果得到堆疊元件: ITO/NPB(50 nm)/MADN(55 nm)/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Ag(14 nm)/Bphen: Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/NPB(50 nm)/WO3(20 nm)/Al(120 nm)，其藍綠發光單元個別的電性及效率，可與單一發光層元件相同及相近。
　　同時，由實驗結果可以發現由於穿透式中間電極所造成的微共振腔效應，對於發光頻譜有相當大的調變作用。如果藉由適當的微共振腔結構的設計，窄化其電致發光頻譜，進而提高色純度將有利於顯示應用；反之，拓寬其電致發光頻譜，進而提高演色性有利於室內照明等高演色性需求之應用。

　　This thesis is for designing an organic light emitting diode which unit sub-pixel has the function of adjusting color and luminance. It can emit colorful lights or white light by combination. The thesis will reach the concept by making a vertical stacked organic light emitting diode that stacking several organic light emitting diodes and retaining the control function of each cell. In thesis, we used standard structure blue light diode stacking inverted structure green light diode and share the middle transparent cathode to reduce the diode complexity and the number of electrodes.
　　The structure of stacked organic light emitting diode with individual controllable electrode layer had never been developed before this thesis in our laboratory, and therefore the thesis will focus on two focal points to study and investigate: the establishment of vertical stacked device platform and optimization of middle transparent cathode. The experiment used fluorescent material MADN as emitting layer of standard structure blue light cell; fluorescent material Alq3 as emitting layer of inverted structure green light cell, By optimized the n-type doping injection layer and inverted structure device , the resulting structures were blue light cell: ITO/NPB(50 nm)/MADN(55 nm)/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Ag(100 nm) and green light cell: ITO/ Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/NPB(50 nm)/WO3 (20 nm)/ Al (120 nm). After establishing each device structure, we stacked them and applied WO3/Ag(14 nm)/WO3 for transparent cathode to replace the reflected cathode of original structure.
　　According to optimized experiment result, the vertical stacked device structure is: ITO/NPB(50 nm)/MADN(55 nm)/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Ag(14 nm)/Bphen:Cs2CO3 [10%](10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/NPB(50 nm)/ WO3 (20 nm)/Al (120 nm), which each electrically and efficiency can reach the same compared to single devices.
　　In the same experiment, we also discovered the microcavity effects result from middle transparent electrode. The microcavity effect has considerable effect on modulating emission spectrum. With a proper designed microcavity structure, we could narrow the light-emitting spectrum for display application and broaden the light-emitting spectrum for lighting application.

總目錄
口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝　i
中文摘要　ii
ABSTRACT　iii
圖目錄　viii
Chapter 1 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 有機發光二極體的發展與歷史沿革 4
1.3 發光原理與機制 6
1.4 基本結構 8
1.5 堆疊式有機發光二極體結構介紹 12
1.6 有機發光二極體元件材料介紹 19
1.6.1 陽極材料 19
1.6.2 電洞注入材料 20
1.6.3 電洞傳輸材料 20
1.6.4 電子傳輸材料 21
1.6.5 電子注入材料 22
1.6.6 陰極材料 22
1.6.7 連接層材料 23
1.7 研究動機 24
Chapter 2 理論基礎 25
2.1 有機半導體傳輸機制 25
2.2 有機材料的吸收與放射 28
2.3 有機發光二極體的效率 29
2.4 濃度淬息效應 32
2.5 微共振腔效應 32
Chapter 3 實驗流程與設備 34
3.1 實驗材料 34
3.1.1 基板 34
3.1.2 藥品 34
3.2 實驗設備 36
3.2.1 超音波清洗機 36
3.2.2 加熱板 36
3.2.3 紫外光曝光機 36
3.2.4 旋轉塗佈機 36
3.2.5 氧氣電漿清潔機 37
3.2.6 手套箱 38
3.2.7 機械手臂傳遞腔 39
3.2.8 熱蒸鍍機 39
3.2.9 膜厚量測系統 (α-Step ) 40
3.2.10 光電子光譜儀 (AC-2) 41
3.2.11 光電特性BJV量測系統 41
3.2.12 紫外/ 可見光譜儀 41
3.3 實驗步驟 42
3.3.1 ITO玻璃基板電路圖形定義 42
3.3.2 ITO玻璃基板前處理 44
3.3.3 有機材料與金屬電極蒸鍍 45
3.3.4 元件封裝 46
Chapter 4 結果與討論 48
4.1 標準模型建立及電子注入層最佳化 48
4.2 倒置式元件建立 50
4.3 垂直堆疊並具有電極獨立操控功能之元件建立 52
4.3.1 穿透式中間電極建立 52
4.3.2 最佳化中間電極之堆疊元件之製作 59
Chapter 5 結論 63
Chapter 6 參考文獻 64

[1]http://www.lg.com/global/
[2]http://www.samsung.com/sec/consumer/tv-video/tv/
[3]http://www.lg.com/global/
[4]http://www.emagin.com/oled-microdisplays/
[5]http://fourtitude.com/news/Audi_News_1/ces-2013-lighting-technology-from-audi/
[6]http://www.osram.com/osram_com/index.jsp
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