臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要目的欲探討大專運動員防衛機轉、狀態焦慮強度與方向性之相關性。本研究以防衛型態問卷與改編版狀態焦慮量表調查國立臺灣體育大學甲組學生運動員男性125名，女性50名，共175名，以t檢定、皮爾森積差相關與多元逐步回歸法進行分析資料。所得結果如下：(一)大專運動員防衛機轉以預期為主；(二)低年齡組比高年齡組大專運動員傾向以不成熟階層、被動攻擊與否認處理衝突；(三)男性比女性大專運動員傾向以不成熟階層、幽默、壓抑、投射、被動攻擊、行動化、自閉式幻想與否認處理衝突；(四)投射與身體焦慮強度成正相關；但被動攻擊不但與身體成正相關，且與認知焦慮強度成正相關；另一方面，不成熟階層的投射、被動攻擊、行動化與身體焦慮方向性成負相關；但行動化與認知焦慮方向性成負相關；(五)被動攻擊可正向預測身體和認知焦慮強度，但負向預測身體焦慮方向性；至於，行動化則負向預測認知焦慮方向性。根據研究結果，研究者建議：(一)大專運動員應學習正向處理焦慮；(二)未來研究應加入認知能力與心理成熟度進行探討。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intercollegiate athletes’ defense mechanisms and intensity and direction of state anxiety. By using defense mechanisms questionnaire and competitive state anxiety inventory-2, this study investigated 175 (male=125, female=50) intercollegiate athletes of NTSU, and analyzing data by t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple stepwise regression. The results were as follows: (1) Anticipation was the major defense mechanism that intercollegiate athletes used in coping competition anxiety; (2) Young athletes used more immature-level, passive-aggression, and denial than high-age group; (3) Male used more immature-level, humor, suppression, projection, passive-aggression, autistic fantasy, and denial than female counterparts; (4) There were significant positive relationship between projection and intensity of somatic anxiety, passive-aggression and intensity of state anxiety, but negative relationship between acting out and direction of cognitive anxiety; (5)Passive-aggression positively predicted intensity of state anxiety and direction of somatic anxiety negatively, however, acting out negatively predicted direction of cognitive anxiety. This study suggested that coaches should teach intercollegiate athletes mental skills so to effectively deal with anxiety positively. And for future study, it is also suggested that researchers may further study the relationship between defense mechanism and competition anxiety by considering athletes cognitive ability and psychological development in the variables that measured.

第一章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機-------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究目的-------------------------------------------- 4
第三節 研究問題-------------------------------------------- 5
第四節 研究範圍與限制-------------------------------------- 5
第五節 名詞解釋與操作型定義-------------------------------- 6

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 防衛機轉的定義-------------------------------------- 8
第二節 防衛機轉的階層模式----------------------------------11
第三節 防衛機轉的實徵研究----------------------------------16
第四節 狀態焦慮與運動員表現--------------------------------24
第五節 研究假設--------------------------------------------28

第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構--------------------------------------------29
第二節 研究對象--------------------------------------------30
第三節 研究工具--------------------------------------------30
第四節 研究程序與實施步驟----------------------------------38
第五節 資料處理--------------------------------------------40

第四章 研究結果
第一節 大專運動員防衛機轉分佈情形--------------------------41
第二節 不同年齡組大專運動員防衛機轉之差異情形--------------43
第三節 不同性別大專運動員防衛機轉之差異情形----------------45
第四節 大專運動員防衛機轉與狀態焦慮強度、方向性之相關情形--47
第五節 大專運動員防衛機轉對狀態焦慮強度、方向性之預測情形--50

第五章 討論與建議
第一節 討論------------------------------------------------53
第二節 建議------------------------------------------------59

參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------61

附錄
附錄一 基本資料調查表--------------------------------------69
附錄二 防衛型態問卷----------------------------------------70
附錄三 修正版賽前狀態焦慮量表------------------------------72

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