臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究期望明確量化呼吸頻率對自律神經所產生的影響，透過實驗設計達到實際觀察自主神經系統活性的目的。研究利用光體積變化描記圖 (Photoplethysmography, PPG)生理訊號擷取裝置收集量測並記錄大學男性與女性各十六位受試者隨設定之呼吸頻率吸吐氣之脈波訊號，擷取之訊號傳輸至電腦通過數位濾波、心跳間期計算，透過Poincaré plot檢驗心跳間期之正確性後，將心率重新取樣為5Hz的時間序列，時間序列再經快速傅立葉轉換（Fast Fourier Transform, FFT）後以頻譜進行分析檢驗心率變異度(Heart Rate Variability, HRV)，藉以量化呼吸頻率與自主神經(Auto Neuro System, ANS)之間的調節功能與關係。
研究結果顯示，受試者男女性在FFT時序特徵峰偏差均為2%上下(男生：2.17% ,女生：1.73%)；時序顯現比率男性為97.8%，女性為100%。心率變異度頻譜特徵峰準確度均於97%上下(男生： 96.61% ,女生：97.11%)，證明人體於短期內特定呼吸頻率與心率變異度呈現高度相關性；性別間差異度則趨近於0。
研究成果與過去文獻提出之HRV和呼吸頻率有相關性的質化現象相吻合，本研究則於此基礎上透過HRV頻譜量化了呼吸頻率特徵峰，證明受試者可透過強控呼吸頻率以達到短時間內改變自主神經活性達到生物回饋法的效果。

The aim of the study is to observe how gated respiration affects the Autonomic nervous system (ANS). In our study, we develop a Photo plethysmography (PPG) device to record a pulse pressure waveform (a physiology signals) for ten minutes from total 32 (16 male and 16 female) healthy subjects. Within the testing ten minutes, subjects follow inhalation and exhalation rhythm provided by an APP. The recorded PPG pulse signal will be processed and extract the pulsing interval and recorded as heartbeat interval. After checking the correctness of heartbeat interval, the heartbeat intervals were resampled into 5Hz time series data. The data were converted into frequency domain using Short Term Fourier Transformation (STFT) to identify frequency components of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). From the HRV frequency, we were able to examine the relationship between respiratory rate and ANS quantitatively.
As the result, the high frequency components of HRV (the peak at High frequency band) were 98% agree with the designed respiratory rate. The different from predictions were only 2.17% for male subjects and 1.73% for female subjects. Furthermore, from the careful examination of STFT data, the subjects were having full concentration of following the pacing of breathing pattern closely. The result of this study is in agreement with the qualitative phenomenon of HRV and respiratory rate.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
謝誌 IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究背景和文獻回顧 1
1-3 研究目的 5
1-4 論文架構 5
第二章 基本理論 7
2-1 光體積變化描記圖(PPG) 7
2-2 訊號波峰量測方法 10
2-3 心率變異度(HRV) 12
2-3-1 心率與脈搏 13
2-3-2 心率與呼吸頻率 13
2-3-3 心率與自主神經系統 14
2-3-4 心率變異度分析法 15
2-4 三次樣條插值法(CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION) 17
2-5 傅立葉轉換 19
2-5-1 快速傅立葉轉換(FFT) 19
2-5-2 短時快速傅立葉轉換(STFFT) 20
2-6 本章總結 21
第三章 系統架構與研究方法 22
3-1 系統架構 22
3-2 訊號擷取硬體 23
3-2-1 PPG感測元件 23
3-2-2 訊號擷取電路 24
3-3 微處理器 25
3-4 系統實現 26
3-4-1 訊號擷取與處理 27
3-4-2 時域分析 28
3-4-3 重新取樣與傅立葉轉換 29
3-5 實驗設計 30
3-6 本章總結 32
第四章 結果與討論 33
4-1 硬體裝置 33
4-2 訊號擷取與分析 33
4-3 研究結果討論 34
4-4 本章總結 37
第五章 結論與未來展望 39
5-1 結論 39
5-2 未來展望 39
參考文獻 40
附錄 受試者資料 (1為男性，2為女性，各16名，共32名) 42
圖2-1 PPG原理示意圖 8
圖2-2 光體積變化描記圖：直流與交流成分 8
圖2-3 心臟收縮時手指末端量測PPG波形(深色描線) 9
圖2-4 心臟舒張時手指末端量測PPG波形(淺色描線) 9
圖2-5 完整循環之PPG波形(虛線) 10
圖2-7 HRV頻譜主要的三個頻段 13
圖2-8 正、副交感神經作用圖 15
圖2-9 自主神經系統相關症狀 15
圖2-10 POINCARÉ PLOT 16
圖2-11 FFT流程示意圖 20
圖3-1 整體系統架構 22
圖3-2 反射式光學傳感器偵測電路 23
圖3-3 TCRT1010外觀、規格 24
圖3-4 TCRT1010內部架構圖 24
圖3-5 訊號擷取電路 25
圖3-6 MSP430G2553 25
圖3-7 MSP430G255系統方塊圖 26
圖3-8 PPG擷取與後續計算分析流程圖 26
圖3-9 特徵化主峰之實現結果 27
圖3-10 波峰擷取之實現結果 28
圖3-11 POINCARÉ PLOT時域分析點散布圖之實現結果 28
圖3-12 重新取樣(前，後) 之實現結果 29
圖3-13 HRV頻譜圖之實現結果 29
圖3-14 STFFT時序列圖之實現結果 30
圖3-15 呼吸強控運動APP畫面 31
圖3-16 訊號量測流程圖 31
圖4-1 硬體架構 33
圖4-2 PPG訊號於示波器之實際顯示 34
圖4-3 波峰擷取情形(上為對照組訊號，下為實驗組訊號) 35
圖4-4 時域分析之POINCARÉ PLOT(左為對照組，右為實驗組) 36
圖4-6 實驗組呼吸訊號重新取樣 36
圖4-7 頻域分析之HRV頻譜圖(左為對照組，右為實驗組) 36
圖4-8 STFFT時序列圖(上為對照組，下為實驗組) 37

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