臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今全球化的時代，資訊與物品流通方便，也使買賣之定價日趨穩定，所以公司間無不各出奇招以求得更好的利潤，其中整合上下游廠商以降低成本是常見的經營策略之一，而在供應鏈管理中，存貨策略是改善營運績效的關鍵之一，而這也是近年來各國學者持續研究的議題。這篇論文是在各階層允許延遲付款的情況下，考慮多供應商、單一製造商以及多階零售商的存貨模型，並求解此供應鏈之最大利潤。各供應商分別製造一到多個不同的零組件，再送至製造商端進行組裝；而現實生活中，在生產零組件或是組裝的過程中，難免因人為疏漏或機械故障而造成不良品的產生，本研究便將此情境加進模型之中，為避免顧客拿到損壞品，供應商與製造商在生產、組裝之後會先對存貨進行檢查，並將不良品進行重工；另一方面，延遲付款已是現今供應鏈系統中常見的存貨策略之一，意即賣方允許買方收到貨品時不需立即付款，根據延遲付款時間的長短，供應鏈成員也會產生額外的機會成本或利息收入，也使整體模型產生更多變化；綜合以上幾點，本研究將發展一個在延遲付款下，有不良品產生以及零組件組裝的多階整合存貨模型；在數據範例中，以PSO與Lingo演算模型，並比較其求解效率；最後對重要參數進行敏感度分析。

In this competitive environment, supply chain members recognize the importance of interactions between financial and inventory decisions in the development of effective supply chains. In the supply chain management, the inventory policy is a key to improve the performance. Moreover, achieving effective coordination among the supply chain members has become a pertinent research issue. This paper considers a multi-echelons model, consisting of suppliers, one manufacturer and multi-retailers, coordinating their situations to maximize the total supply chain profits. Each supplier supplies one or more components required in the final product produced; In the process of production, human error and machine malfunction may make some products damaged. To prevent buyer get defective products, the producer has to check all inventories and fixes the damaged products; Permissible delay in payments is one of the common inventory strategies. It means the vendor allows the buyer can receive products without payment immediately. Depending on the length of the delay time of payment, supply chain members will also generate additional opportunity costs or interest income; This paper develops a multi-echelons inventory model with bill of materials (BOM) and imperfect quality products under permissible delay in payment.

Table of Contents
摘 要 III
Abstract IV
Table of Contents V
List of Figures VII
List of Tables VIII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Purpose 2
1.3 Research Contents and Scope 2
1.3.1 The Influences of Permissible Delay in Payments 2
1.3.2 The Influences of Defective Product 3
1.3.3 The Influences of Assembly System 3
1.4 Research Procedures 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 7
2.1 Integrated Model 7
2.2 Permissible Delay in Payment 9
2.3 Bill of Material 10
2.4 Defective Product 11
Chapter 3 Research method 14
3.1 Notations 14
3.1.1 Decision Variable 14
3.1.2 Supplier’s Side 14
3.1.3 Manufacturer’s Side 15
3.1.4 Retailer’s Side 15
3.1.5 Other Notations 15
3.2 Assumptions 16
3.3 Particle Swarm Optimization 16
3.3.1 PSO Introduction 16
3.3.2 Vectors and Parameters of PSO 18
3.3.3 Parameter Setting 20
Chapter 4 Building Model 22
4.1 Model without Permissible Delay in Payment 22
4.1.1 Supplier’s Expected Total Annual Profit 22
4.1.2 Manufacturer’s Expected Total Annual Profit 24
4.1.3 Retailer’s Expected Total Annual Profit 26
4.1.4 Integrated Inventory Model – EJTP 1 27
4.2 Model with Permissible Delay in Payment 27
4.2.1 Supplier’s Additional Profit and Cost 27
4.2.2 Manufacturer’s Additional Profit and Cost 31
4.2.3 Retailer’s Additional Profit and Cost 33
4.3 Expected Joint Total Profit 36
Chapter 5 Numerical Example 40
5.1 PSO Data Setting 40
5.1.1 Particles Location Restrictions 40
5.1.2 Particles Velocity Restrictions 40
5.1.3 Other Values Setting 41
5.2 Example 42
5.2.1 Example Introduction 42
5.2.2 Calculation Result 43
5.2.3 Sensitivity Analysis 48
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 52
6.1 Conclusions 52
6.2 Recommendations 53
Reference 54
Appendix I 58
Appendix II 62
Appendix III 69

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PSO Introduction Source: http://blog.xuite.net/metafun/life/58295146-%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%BE%A4%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95(Particle+Swarm+Optimization)%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B