臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以實驗方法探討圓柱流場於雷諾數1.7ⅹ105 ~ 4ⅹ105之間圓柱流場的各種物理特性。實驗利用圓柱兩側θ=±80°、±90°之壓力孔訊號作為判斷的依據，作為圓柱流場隸屬於次臨界區、預臨界區之B State流場、預臨界區之A State流場乃至於進入單分離泡區之依據。
實驗利用不同表面粗糙度之圓柱進行各種試驗，以熱線探針(Hot-wire)觀察並量測流場速度。為了對量測到的數據進行分析，吾人利用快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform)求得熱線探針之渦流溢放訊號，並使用小波轉換(Wavelet Transform)彌補快速傅立葉無法獲得之訊號的瞬時頻率。在實驗的過程中，利用四種不同表面粗糙度之圓柱，並搭配數種的分析方式，發現在不同表面粗糙度下，圓柱流場仍存在預臨界區流場轉換的現象，並針對對預臨界區之B State流場、預臨界區之A State流場以及單分離泡區流場等三種流場分別進行圓柱表面的壓力係數量測。
同時利用熱膜感測器(Thermal tuft)量測圓柱表面分離點之角度與分離泡之角度；實驗亦利用熱線探針在圓柱後方量取圓柱尾流速度，計算圓柱尾流在不同流場時之尾流寬度，吾人亦使用經驗模探分離法(EMD)將訊號中的高頻訊號與低頻訊號進行拆解，並使用相關性分析，目的是對通過圓柱的臨界流場有更多的了解。

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of flow around a circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers between 1.7×105 and 4×105. The pressure taps signals on the circular cylinder were used to determine the pre-critical regime B state regime, the pre-critical regime A state regime and the one bubble regime. The experiment used different circular cylinders characterized by different relative roughness. Velocity measurements were carried out with a single hot-wire situated in the wake region. Both of the pressure and velocity signals obtained were analyzed with fast Fourier and Wavelet transformations. This study shows that in the case of different surface relative roughness cases, different flow states are observable, and pressure coefficients in the pre-critical regime B state regime, in the pre-critical regime A state regime and in the one bubble regime were obtained. In order to understand more features about flow over the circular cylinder, we used Thermal tuft to measure the separation angle and the separation bubble, meanwhile the wake flow was measured by hot-wire. Finally, by the method of Empirical Mode Decomposition, these two components were extracted separately from the raw signals. Subsequent data analysis on each component provided more insights into the characteristic behaviors of State A.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 III
誌謝 V
目 錄 VI
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XII
符號說明 XX

第一章 序論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 圓柱流場 3
1.2.2 分離點量測 5
1.2.3 展弦比、阻塞比、自由流的紊流強度及表面粗糙度之影響 6

第二章 實驗設備與模型 8
2.1 風洞設備 8
2.2 座標定義 8
2.3 圓柱模型 9
2.3.1 壓克力圓柱 9
2.3.2 不鏽鋼圓柱 10
2.4 壓力轉換器 10
2.5 熱線測速儀(HOT-WIRE ANEMOMETER) 11
2.6 MEMS熱膜感測器 12
2.7 DC訊號放大電路 12
2.8 資料擷取系統 13
2.9 手提式壓力校正器(PORTABLE PRESSURE CALIBRATOR) 13


第三章 實驗方法與步驟 14
3.1 風洞實驗參數分析 14
3.1.1 雷諾數(Reynolds number) 14
3.1.2 無因次頻率(Strouhal number) 15
3.1.3 壓力係數與擾動壓力係數 15
3.1.4 相對粗糙度(Relative roughness) 16
3.1.5 紊流強度 17
3.2 二維圓柱表面壓力量測 17
3.2.1 基部壓力之量測 18
3.2.2 圓柱表面壓力分佈之量測 18
3.3 渦流溢放頻率量測 19
3.4 訊號處理 19
3.4.1 經驗模態分析法(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD) 19
3.4.2 快速傅立葉轉換(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) 20
3.4.3 小波轉換(Wavelet Transform) 20
3.4.4 相關性分析 22

第四章 實驗結果與討論 24
4.1 臨界區之劃分 24
4.1.1 壓克力圓柱 25
4.1.2 不鏽鋼圓柱 25
4.2 圓柱表面壓力係數與流場狀態 26
4.2.1 壓克力圓柱之壓力係數與流場狀態 27
4.2.2 不鏽鋼圓柱之壓力係數與流場狀態 28
4.2.3 圓柱表面覆蓋灰色布料之壓力係數與流場狀態 28
4.2.4 圓柱表面覆蓋白色布料之壓力係數與流場狀態 29
4.3 MEMS SENSOR量測 29
4.3.1 圓柱流場之流場狀態 31
4.3.2 圓柱表面流場之分離狀況 31
4.4 圓柱表面之壓力係數分佈 32
4.4.1 不鏽鋼圓柱之表面壓力係數分佈 33
4.4.2 圓柱表面覆蓋灰色布料之表面壓力係數分佈 34
4.4.3 圓柱表面覆蓋白色布料之表面壓力係數分佈 35
4.5 無因次頻率(ST) 36
4.5.1 壓克力圓柱 36
4.5.2 不鏽鋼圓柱 36
4.5.3 圓柱表面覆蓋灰色布料 37
4.5.4 圓柱表面覆蓋白色布料 37
4.6 圓柱尾流 37
4.7 利用經驗模態分離法分離渦流溢放與低頻擾動 39
4.7.1 壓克力圓柱 39
4.7.2 不鏽鋼圓柱 40
4.8 利用MEMS SENSOR量測圓柱表面之擾動 40
4.8.1 預臨界區B State流場 41
4.8.2 預臨界區A State流場 41
4.8.3 單分離泡區 42
4.9 MEMS 熱膜感測器與壓力訊號之相關性 42
4.9.1 流場狀態為順流 43
4.9.2 流場狀態為逆流 44

第五章 結論與建議 46
5.1 結論 46
5.2 未來建議 47

參考文獻 48

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