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研究生:劉家蓁
研究生(外文):Kay, Liu Jia-CHEN
論文名稱:邁向博物館界域-以胡塞爾之界域論述探討當代博物館參觀本質的可能性
論文名稱(外文):Towards Museum Horizon-A Possibility Gazing into the Essence Of Contemporary Museum Visiting With Horizon In Husserl''s Phenomenology
指導教授:徐純徐純引用關係蔡美麗蔡美麗引用關係王春華王春華引用關係羅麗君羅麗君引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:臺南藝術學院
系所名稱:博物館學研究所
學門:傳播學門
學類:博物館學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2003
畢業學年度:91
語文別:中文
論文頁數:61
中文關鍵詞:博物館參觀本質時間界域空間界域意義界域謎境
外文關鍵詞:Museum VisitingEssenceTemporal HorizonSpatial HorizonContext of MeaningEnigmas
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本文題目為「邁向博物館界域-以胡塞爾現象學之界域論述探究當代博物館參觀本質的可能性」,是以胡塞爾現象學的界域論述來理解當代博物館參觀(Museum Visiting)本質的一項嘗試。
這項嘗試的起點,是從十九世紀博物館史中的觀眾參觀出發,扼要地檢視博物館參觀這項活動繼承了怎樣的歷史包袱,這個檢視的動作、其價值在於幫助我們理解當代博物館參觀的弔詭謎境(enigmas)、所從何來。接著論文採取神話學式的語境,以幾組對照情境摩寫當代博物館參觀的弔詭謎境;分別為「有限與無限(finite and infinite)」、「主宰與奴役(dominant and enslaved)」、「膜拜與羞辱(worship and disdain)」。
按照胡塞爾的定義,本文確認嘗試耙梳的博物館參觀本質,是關於博物館觀眾為何浸沐(immerse)在博物館時空中,就意識層面而言,博物館的物件、展覽、建築以及媒體宣傳,為觀眾的參觀經驗塑造著怎樣的價值。因此,按照胡塞爾現象學的方法,本文無意於審判觀眾的參觀經驗(visiting experiences)其真偽優劣;相反的,我們採取「界域(Horizon)」的觀點,以「時間界域(Temporal Horizon)」作為一切經驗的格式,理解觀眾的參觀行為。觀眾參觀博物館時,其意識作用在時間界域上有前後暈闊的現象,且觀眾意識內部的參觀時間與客觀宇宙時間單位間存在一個神秘的錯位(malposition)與脫臼(dislocation),這樣的暈擴效果開展於「空間界域(Spatial Horizon)」,間接搗毀物件出處與實際地理的關聯,最後反應在「意義界域(Context of Meaning)」,觀眾自身創造出獨一無二、馳騁時空的參觀經驗。此外,本文另加上「觀眾與其他觀眾」之間的社交行為,用以補充當代博物館參觀在觀眾彼此間互動的實況。
透過「界域」論述來解析當代博物館參觀的謎境,本文認為,「謎境」正是今日博物館參觀的本質,「謎境」在博物館的展示規劃上是一種需要被創造與維持的境界,觀眾在博物館參觀當中正是為了尋求驚奇(wonder)、威武(prestige)、激情(passion)、滿足(satisfaction)而來。
本文在博物館學文本中可以說是一個很放肆的嘗試,一方面筆觸散漫、二方面又將博物館參觀拉抬到一個哲學層次,而非傳統的評量操作;如果這個放肆能夠獲得一點點小小的認可,那麼或許後來的博物館學研究能夠在觀眾意識作用的探討上大方前進,藉由理解觀眾的意識作用,回饋博物館展示規劃的決策機制,使得博物館維持永恆的魅力。
This thesis, Towards Museum Horizon: A Possibility Gazing Into The Essence Of Contemporary Museum Visiting With Horizon In Husserl’s Phenomenology, is an trial to put museum visiting in a philosophical level.
Begins with a historical review over the museum visiting in 19C, we first of all need to comprehend the socio-historical inheritance of contemporary museum visiting, which implies several interesting dilemmas. As I attempt to picture those dilemmas, Roland Barthes’ mythological tone inspired me the following linguistic pairs, i.e. “finite vs. infinite”, “dominant vs. enslaved” and “worship vs.. disdain.”
According to Husserl’s phenomenology, the essence of museum visiting here being approached is how our audiences immerse into museums horizons, how museum objects, exhibitions, architectures and publicity shape the museum experiences. As a result, to judge our visitors’ experiences in museums would be the last thing I want to do. By the contrast, we utilize the Horizon thinking in Husserl phenomenology to disclose the stream of visitors’ consciousness. In “temporal horizon”, the universal format of any experience, we see visitors conceive an object with a halo effect. Besides, when do museum visiting, there are mysterious malposition and dislocation between the objective time units and subjective moments inside visitors’ minds. This phenomenon is entirely duplicated in “spatial horizon”, where our visitors again succeed in cracking the geographic matrix of the objects. Eventually each of our visitors creates a unique museum visiting as well as the very only version of their own. So they all become liberate travelers in museums space and time. Besides that, I add one more division to note the social interactions taking place among visitors since this should be recognized as the prime motivation of visiting museums.
My thesis suggests that “enigmas” is the very essence of contemporary museum visiting, which museums have to create and maintain in order to draw audiences. Visitors come to museums seeking wonder, prestige, passion and satisfaction, wherever the enigmas are, where the greatest hit will be.
I consider my own thesis a very bold tryout in museology literature. If it could ever get any little approval, I wish it would initiate the coming visitor study to a wider range regarding our visitors’ feelings and spiritual variations. It would surely feedback the exhibitions design and always refresh the magic charm of museums.
目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
一、 研究動機 1
二、 研究目的 1
第二節 研究範圍與對象 2
一、研究範疇 2
第三節 文獻回顧 5
一、博物館參觀之相關研究 5
二、胡塞爾生平與哲學成就 9
第四節 研究方法 13
一、文獻回顧法 13
二、現象學的方法論 13
三、 神話學與符號學 14
第二章 博物館參觀本質探微 16
第一節 博物館參觀在社會實踐中的遷變 16
一、博物館史所提供的線索 16
二、博物館參觀的三段遷變 19
第二節 當代博物館參觀的弔詭謎境 20
一、有限與無限 21
二、主宰與奴役 25
三、膜拜與羞辱 26
第三節 小結 29
第三章 以胡塞爾「界域」論述理解博物館參觀 30
第一節 返回博物館參觀實相 30
第二節 胡塞爾的「界域」論述(I) 33
一、時間界域 34
第三節 胡塞爾的「界域」論述(II) 36
二、空間界域 36
三、意義界域 38
第四節 小結 40
第四章 邁向博物館「界域」 41
第一節 關於博物館參觀的「意義製造」- 41
對格林希爾「溝通模型」的修正與補充 41
第二節 再現博物館參觀「謎境」 46
一、 有限與無限-時間界域:觀眾與時間 46
二、 主宰與奴役-空間界域:觀眾與空間 47
三、 膜拜與羞辱-意義界域:觀眾與展覽之選件 48
四、 觀眾與其他觀眾 49
第三節 博物館的永恆魅力 50
第四節 小結 52
第五章 結論 52
研究結論 52
研究檢討 54
參考文獻 56
外文部分:
【Phenomenology】
Husserl, E. Ideas:General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology, Trans. by W. R. Boyce Gibson.
Husserl, E. Cartesian Meditations, Trans. by Dorion Cairns.
【Museum Studies】
Alexander, E. P. Museum In Motions. USA: The American Association for State and Local History, 1989.
Kostof, S. A History Of Architecture-Settings And Rituals UK: Oxford University Press, 1985, pp. 191~215.
Hudson, K. Museums Of Influence UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Korn, Randi, And Jones, Johanna, “Visitor Behavior and Experiences in the Four Permanent Galleries at The Tech Museum of Innovation.” Curator(July 2000):261.
Newman, Andrew, “Feel Good Factor.” Museum Journal(September 2001):29-31.
Swift, Frazer, “Getting to grips with project evaluation.” Museum Practice, vol. 6, no. 3,(2001):36-40.
Allen, Sue, “Sociocultural Theory in Museums:Insights and Suggestions.” Journal of Museum Education vol. 22, no. 2,(1998):8-10.
Hein, George E., Learning in the Museum(UK:Routledge, 1998).
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean., “A new communication model for museums.” in Kavanagh, Gaynor, (ed.), Museum Languages:Objects And Texts(UK: Leicester University Press, 1991), pp. 47-61.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean., “Communication in theory and practice.” in Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean, (2nd ed.), The Educational Role of the museum(UK: Routledge, 1999), pp. 28-43.
Maleuvre, Didier, Museum Memories: History, Technology, Art(USA:Stanford University Press, 1999).
Bennett, Tony, The Birth of Museum(UK:Routledge, 1995).
”Museum of Social History.” Museum International(Jan.-Mar. 2001).
Kelly, M. ed., Encyclopedia of Aesthetics(UK: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 8-12.
Whittingham, Selby, “The poetry of the museum.” Museum International(Jul.-Sep. 1996):pp.4-8.
Belcher, Michael, Exhibitions in Museums(UK:Leicester University Press, 1991), p.171.
Bourdieu, P. & Darbel, A., “The Social Conditions of Cultural Practice”, The Love of Art(USA:Stanford University Press, 1990), pp. 14-19.
Doering, Zahava D., “Visitor Experiences in Museums.” Curator(April 1999): 74-86.
Steele, James, ed., Museum Builders(UK:Academy Group, 1994).
Reinhard, Edgar, Exhibition Design(Switzerland:Lars Műller, 1998).
Childers, Caroline, Great jewelry of the World(US:BW Publishing Associates, 1998).
Husserl, E., “The ego cogito as transcendental subjectivity” Cartesian Meditations, Tran. by Dorion Cairns, pp.18-19
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean,”Objects and interpretive process” Musemm and the Interpretation of Visual Culture(London:Routledge, 2000), pp. 116-119.
Husserl, E., “Phenomenological Time And The Time-Consciousness” Ideas:General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology, Tran. by W. R. Boyce Gibson, p.234
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean., “Communication in theory and practice.” in Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean., (ed.), Museums and Their Visitors(UK: Routledge, 1996), pp. 35-53.
O’Neill, Mark, “Exploring the meaning of life:the St. Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art.” Museum International, vol. 47, no. 185,(1995):51-53.
Kindler, Anna M., “Aesthetic development and learning in art museums:a challenge to enjoy.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 22, no. 2,(2000):13-16.
Mclaughlin, Hooley, “The pursuit of memories:Museums and the denial of the fulfilling sensory experience.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 22, no. 2,(2000):13-16.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean. Ed. Museum, Media, Message,(UK:Routledge,1995)
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean. Ed. Museums and Their Visitors,(UK:Routledge,1995)
Radley, Alan, Boredom. Fascination and mortality:reflections upon the experience of museum visiting, Museum Languages, (London:Leicester University Press,1991)
Spalding, Julian, “Rhyme and reason.” Museum Journal, vol. 102, no.4,(2002):28-29.
Marsh, Caryl, “Timepiece.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 26, no. 3,(2001):13-14.
Henderson, Anne, and Watts, Susy, “Learning how they learn:the family in the museum.” Museum News, (November/December 2000):41-45.
Thomas, Selma, “Museums:bridges between popular and academic cultures.” Curator, vol.42, no.4,(1999):270-273.
Jeffery-Clay, Kodi R., “Constructivisim in museums:how museums create meaningful learning environments.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 23, no. 1,(2000):3-8.
Storr, Annie V. F., “On learning studies, policy, philosophy, and what we know about essential experiences of art in museums.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 22, no. 2,(1999):17-19.
Lewin-Benham, Ann, “Reasearch on learning in museums:three realities, an example, and a promise.” Journal of Museum Education, vol. 22, no. 2,(1999):10-11.
McLean, Kathleen, “We Need Criticism.” EXHIBITIONIST, vol. 13, no. 1,(spring 1994):6-8.
中文部分:
張厚粲,《行為主義心理學》,(台北:東華書局,1997),頁5~15。
黃光國,《社會科學的理路》,(台北:心理出版社,2001),頁319~346。
Kathleen McLean原著,徐純譯,《如何為民眾規劃博物館的展覽》,(台灣:國立海洋生物博物館,2001)。
Lynn D. Dierking andWendy Pollock原著,徐純譯,《持續的假設》,(台灣:國立海洋生物博物館,2001)。
Weil, Stephen E. 原講, 徐純譯,《預期效益為基礎的評量(Outcome-Based Evaluation)》,(AAM:Learning in Museum,2002)。
Lynn, D. Dierking原著,徐純譯,〈博物館教育學派回顧〉“A History Survey of Theories of Learning and Contemporary Theories of Learning.” The Audience in Exhibition Development(USA:AAM,1992)。
朱元鴻,〈希臘佛陀:從一個雕像造形的旅程論博物館與藝術史的神話創作〉,《台灣社會學刊》,(中華民國九十一年九月:第二十八期),頁6~59。
Pivčević, Edo原著,廖仁義譯,《胡塞爾與現象學》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1986),頁1~2。
Husserl, Edmund原著,張慶熊譯,《歐洲科學危機和超越現象學》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1992),頁xvii~xix。
蔡美麗,〈胡塞爾對心理主義的批判與嚴格哲學之構思〉,《胡塞爾》,(台北:東大圖書,1999),頁38~39。
羅蘭巴特原著,李幼蒸譯,《寫作的零度》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1991),頁3。
羅蘭巴特原著,許琦玲譯,《明室》,(台北:博創印藝,1997)。
羅蘭巴特原著,許薔薔、許琦玲譯,《神話學》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1997)。
徐純上課講義,《文化載具:上冊》,頁17-30。
魯仲連主編,《美國博物館之旅》,(台北:高談文化,1999),頁137~139。
程延年編譯,《恐龍探秘》,(台中:國立自然科學博物館,2000)。
張憲中文譯本,《笛卡兒的沉思》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1992),頁22。
張祥龍,〈胡塞爾的意義學說及其方法論含義〉,《哲學雜誌季刊》(1997年20期):頁59,注釋第37。
李幼蒸中文譯本,《純粹現象學通論》,(台北:桂冠圖書,1994),頁229。
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