臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的在於測定台灣土雞之能量代謝值，作為訂定其能量需要量之依據。
本研究分兩個試驗，依次進行。試驗一及試驗二之間除試驗飼糧組成不同 (除能量之外，試驗二飼糧之營養分含量比試驗一者高1.67倍) 外，其餘處理及試驗步驟完全相同。1日齡之台畜肉十三號四元雜交公台灣土雞120隻，經一週任食適應後，選取體重相近之80隻雛雞，逢機分成5處理組，每組4重複，每重複4隻。另選8隻體重相近之雞隻，予以犧牲，並將屠體冷凍保存。試驗雞隻飼養於溫控室之金屬網底代謝架內。各處理組餵飼任食或任食之90, 80, 70, 或60%之試驗飼糧，為期3週。試驗期間，每週收集排泄物3天。雞隻每週秤重，並記錄實際飼料採食量。試驗結束時，將所有雞隻犧牲，屠體冷凍保存。由比較屠宰技術測定每處理組雞隻之能量，蛋白質及脂肪蓄積量。
由直線迴歸法求出台灣土雞之能量代謝值分別為，維持所需淨能 (NEm；kcal/kg0.75．d) 為86.16 (試驗一)，48.21 (試驗二)；維持所需代謝能值 (MEm；kcal/kg0.75．d) 為141.24 (試驗一)，112.11 (試驗二)；能量利用效率為0.61 (試驗一)，0.43 (試驗二)。以多項迴歸法求得，台灣土雞之MEm (kcal/kg0.75．d) 維持所需代謝能分別為168.11 (試驗一)，122.41 (試驗二)；蛋白質之能量蓄積效率 (kp) 為0.56 (試驗一)，0.40 (試驗二)；脂肪之能量蓄積效率 (kf) 為2.50 (試驗一)，1.10 (試驗二)。

Two trials were conducted to determine the value of energy metabolism in Taiwan Country Chicken. Except the composition of the experimental diet was different (except metabolizable energy, the nutrient contents in the diet of trial 2 were 1.67 times higher than of trial 1), the procedures for two trials were the same. After an adaptation and ad libitum period for one week, 80 1-week-old chicks of similar body weight were chosen from 120 male TLRI four-way crossed Taiwan native chickens (Taishu No.13), and randomly assigned to 5 treatments, 4 replicates (pens) per treatment and 4 chicks per replicate. Another 8 chicks of similar body weight were sacrificed and the carcasses were stored at -20℃. Chicks were fed in metabolism cages with wire floor in a controlled-temperature room. Five feeding level (ad libitum, 90, 80, 70, or 60% of ad libitum level) were offered to chicks in each one of the treatments. The experimental period was 3 weeks. A partial collection of excreta was made 3 times each week and stored at -20℃. Body weight of chicks in each pen were measured each week. Feed intake were recorded and regulated every day. At the end of the study, chicks were sacrificed and carcasses were stored at -20℃. Protein, fat and energy retention of chicks were determined by comparative slaughter technique.
The values of energy metabolism obtained by the regression between ER and MEI were NEm (kcal/kg0.75．d), 86.16 (trial 1), 48.21 (trial 2); MEm (kcal/kg0.75．d), 141.24 (trial 1), 112.11 (trial 2); kg, 0.61 (trial 1), 0.43 (trial 2). The values of energy metabolism obtained by the multiple regression between MEI and REP and REF were MEm (kcal/kg0.75．d), 168.11 (trial 1), 122.41 (trial 2), kp, 0.56 (trial 1), 0.40 (trial 2); kf 2.5 (trial 1), 1.10 (trial 2).

目次..........................................................Ⅰ
表次..........................................................Ⅵ
圖次..........................................................Ⅶ
誌謝..........................................................Ⅷ
摘要...........................................................1
緒言...........................................................3
文獻檢討.......................................................4
一、 能量的需求............................................4
二、 能量的來源............................................4
(一) 醣類..................................................4
1. 糖解作用..............................................4
2. 三羧酸循環............................................6
(二) 蛋白質................................................8
(三) 脂質..................................................9
三、 飼糧中能量在動物體內之分配...........................11
(一) 總能.................................................11
(二) 可消化能.............................................11
(三) 代謝能...............................................12
(四) 食物的熱增值.........................................13
(五) 淨能.................................................13
四、 能量需要量的測定.....................................16
(一) 因子法...............................................16
(二) 經驗法...............................................17
五、 台灣土雞之相關研究...................................19
(一) 台灣雞肉之消費型態...................................19
(二) 畜試土雞之選育及各品系特性...........................20
(三) 台灣土雞之營養 (能量與蛋白質) 需求...................24
材料及方法....................................................28
一、 試驗設計.............................................28
二、 試驗飼糧.............................................28
三、 雞隻飼養管理及採樣...................................31
四、 樣品分析.............................................31
(一) 飼料成分分析.........................................31
1. 一般成分分析及總能測定...............................31
2. 鉻濃度分析...........................................31
(二) 屠體成分分析.........................................32
1.一般成分分析及總能測定..................................32
(三) 排泄物成分分析.......................................32
1. 粗蛋白質分析及總能測定...............................32
2. 粗脂肪分析............................................................32
3. 鉻濃度分析............................................................33
五、 數據計算.............................................34
(一) 消化率...............................................34
(二) 代謝能值、蛋白質、脂肪及能量蓄積.....................34
(三) 以蛋白質或脂肪形式蓄積之能量值.......................34
(四) 維持所需能量及能量利用效率...........................35
(五) 蛋白質及脂肪之能量蓄積效率...........................35
(六) 統計分析.............................................35
結果............................................................36
一、 試驗一...............................................36
(一) 生長性能.............................................36
(二) 屠體組成............................................................36
(三) 營養分消化率.........................................36
(四) 蛋白質代謝...........................................36
(五) 脂肪代謝.............................................41
(六) 能量代謝.............................................41
(七) 維持所需淨能及維持所需代謝能.........................41
二、 試驗二...............................................45
(一) 生長性能.............................................45
(二) 屠體組成.............................................45
(三) 營養分消化率.........................................45
(四) 蛋白質代謝...........................................45
(五) 脂肪代謝.............................................49
(六) 能量代謝.............................................49
(七) 維持所需淨能及維持所需代謝能.........................49
(八) 蛋白質及脂肪蓄積效率.................................54
討論..........................................................56
一、 生長性能.............................................56
二、 屠體組成.............................................58
三、 營養分消化率.........................................59
四、 蛋白質代謝...........................................60
五、 脂肪代謝.............................................61
六、 能量代謝.............................................62
七、 維持所需代謝能(MEm)..................................63
八、 能量利用效率(kg).....................................63
九、 蛋白質及脂肪之能量蓄積效率(kp及kf)...................64
十、 迴歸法之相關問題.....................................65
結論..........................................................68
參考文獻......................................................69
英文摘要......................................................80
附錄1. 鉻測定之前處理.........................................81
附錄2. 滴定法測定糞便中粗脂肪含量.............................83
小傳..........................................................85

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