臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討三種鎳基超合金Hastelloy X (X)、Incoloy 800H (800H)及Inconel 617 (617)經銲接處理後，產生的原材(以M-SUB表示、其中M可為X、800H及617)，熱影響區(M-HAZ)及銲道熔融區(M-MZ)等不同區域，在950oC乾及濕空氣環境下之循環氧化行為。研究結果顯示，三種合金的所有區域在乾空氣之氧化動力學皆遵守抛物線律，顯示固態擴散為合金在乾空氣下氧化的主要機制，經比較穩定增重區之氧化速率常數(Kp值)得知，三種合金之M-HAZ區域的Kp值皆比M-SUB區域快，而M-MZ區域會因填料不同而有所差異，其中， 800H-MZ的Kp值會比800H-SUB慢，而X-MZ的Kp值則會比X-SUB快，但617-MZ和617-SUB兩者的Kp值相似。
另一方面，三種合金在濕空氣下的循環氧化動力學則分為兩個階段，首先，第一階段仍是氧化增重，但合金在水氣環境中氧化速率較乾空氣中快，而第二階段則是有失重的現象，其中以800H-SUB及800H-HAZ失重最為明顯。由顯微結構分析得知，各種試片在乾空氣環境氧化後皆會形成兩層氧化層，包括外氧化層為Cr2O3與MCr2O4 (M=Fe、Mn或Ni)的混和氧化物，而內氧化層以Cr2O3為主，此外，在氧化層與基材界面處會有內氧化顆粒生成；而相較於乾空氣環境，各試片在濕空氣環境下所形成之氧化物組成雖然類似，但氧化層明顯較為鬆散。

The cyclic oxidation behavior of three Ni-based¬-superalloy welds containing Hastelloy X (X), Incoloy 800H (800H), and Inconel 617 (617), in which each alloy contained the original substrate (M-SUB, where M could be X, 800H, or 617), the heat-affected zone (M-HAZ) and the melting zone (M-MZ) was studied at 950oC in dry/wet air. The results indicated that the oxidation kinetics of all the alloys in dry air followed a parabolic-rate law, indicating that diffusion is the rate-controlling step. In general, the steady-state oxidation rates of the M-HAZ regions are always faster than those of the M-SUB regions, while those of M-MZ regions may change dramatically, strongly depending on the filler. Based on the oxidation kinetics studied, the oxidation rate constants (kp values) of 800H-MZ are slower than those of 800H-SUB, while those of X-MZ are faster than those of X-SUB. Nearly no kinetics difference is obtained for both 617-MZ and 617-SUB.
The oxidation kinetics of the alloys in wet air initially revealed a mass-gain stage, while a significant mass-lose stage was observed for a prolong exposure. The 800H-SUB and 800H-HAZ revealed the fast oxidation rates among the alloys studied.
Duplex scales always formed on all the alloys in dry air, consisting of an outer-layer of mixture Cr2O3 and MCr2O4 (M=Fe, Mn, or Ni) and an exclusive inner-layer of Cr2O3. In addition, the internal-oxidation precipitates were always observed just beneath the scale/substrate interface. The scales formed in wet air are similar to those in dry air, except for that the more porous scale structure was noted.

一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 6
2-1. 第四代核能反應器 6
2-2. 純鎳氧化 7
2-3. 純鐵氧化 7
2-4. Fe-Cr與Ni-Cr合金於乾/濕氣的氧化 8
2-5. Fe-Cr合金於水氣下循環氧化 9
2-6. 商用不銹鋼於乾/濕空氣的氧化 10
2-7. 商用鎳基超合金的空氣恒溫氧化及循環氧化 10
2-8. 銲接對合金的影響 11
三、實驗方法 23
3-1. 銲接處理 23
3-2. 試片製備 23
3-3. 乾空氣循環氧化實驗 24
3-4. 濕空氣循環氧化實驗 24
3-5. 顯微結構分析 24
四、研究結果 30
4-1.試片分析 30
4-2.乾空氣氧化動力學 30
4-2-1. 氧化動力學 30
4-2-2. 顯微結構分析 31
4-3. 濕空氣氧化動力學 32
4-3-1. 氧化動力學 32
4-3-2. 顯微結構及組成成分 32
4-3-3. 短時間氧化 34
五、討論 81
5-1. 水氣的影響 82
5-2. 循環氧化之熱應力影響 83
5-3. 銲接處理的影響 85
六、結論 89
七、參考文獻 90

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