臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究進行台灣東北部海域台灣橙蝦姑（Faughnia formosae）之生殖、性比、50%性成熟頭胸甲長及孕卵數之調查。採樣時間由2008年12月至2009年12月止共計13個月，採得樣本1657隻（雌性749隻，雄性908隻）。頭胸甲長範圍介於7.8 mm 至34.8 mm 之間，體重範圍介於2.2 g 至69.9 g 之間。結果顯示頭胸甲長（CL）與體重（BW）之關係，雌雄間沒有顯著差異（p＞0.05），因此將雌雄合併計算，關係式為BW = 0.003 (CL) 2.8。雌、雄之總性比（雌：雄）為1：1.2，雌、雄於產卵季節之性比為1：1.6，雄性明顯多於雌性。卵巢發育分成5個階段，分別為（1）未成熟期；（2）卵黃形成期；（3）成熟中期；（4）成熟期；（5）產完卵期。成熟卵巢可清楚透過腹節及尾節腹面觀察判斷之，且卵巢顏色呈橙色。成熟期於10-12月達一高峰所佔比例皆大於50%；觀察生殖腺成熟指數（GSI）發現10月至1月值較高，於11月達最高值（7.89）；肥滿度指數（CF）於11月達到高峰，結合上述之結果估計產卵季節為10月至1月。雌、雄之50%性成熟頭胸甲長分別為16.2 mm 和10.2 mm。孕卵數範圍從頭胸甲長19.3 mm有16,284粒卵至頭胸甲長34.7 mm有151,392粒卵，卵粒平均直徑為0.31 ± 0.04 mm。

Reproduction, sex ratio, size at 50% sexual maturity, and fecundity of the mantis shrimp Faughnia formosae in waters off northeastern Taiwan were investigated. A total of 1657 specimens (749 females and 908 males) were sampled from December 2008 to December 2009. Ranges of carapace length were from 7.8 mm to 34.8 mm, with 2.2 g to 69.9 g in body weight. The present result showed that the relationship between carapace length (CL) and body weight (BW) of both sexes was not significantly difference (p>0.05). A sexes-combinded carapace length and body weight relationship was estimated as: BW = 0.003 (CL) 2.8. The total sex ratio (female: male) was 1: 1.2, but in the spawning season the sex ratio was 1: 1.6. Males were significant more than females. Ovarian development can be differential into 5 stages, they are as follows: (1) Immature stage; (2) Vitellogenesis stage; (3) Developing stage; (4) Maturation stage; (5) Spent stage. Mature ovaries in clearly discernible in the absominal somites and telson, with orange color. The peak of maturation stage is from October to December, with mature females over 50% in each month; Gonadosomatic index (GSI) reached a high value between October and January, and attained the highest value (7.89) in November. The peak for coefficient of fatness (CF) was in November. According to the present results, the spawning season of F. formosae is between October and January. Size at the 50% sexual maturity (CL50) for females and males are 16.2 mm and 10.3 mm, respectively. Fecundity ranging from 16,284 eggs (19.3 mm CL) to 151,392 eggs (34.7 mm CL), with a mean egg diameter of 0.31 ± 0.04 mm.

摘要 I
Abstract III
目　錄 V

第一章 前言 1
第二章 材料與方法 5
2.1 樣本採集（Sampling） 5
2.2 樣本處理（Treatment of samples） 5
2.3 性比（Sex ratio） 6
2.4 生殖腺成熟階段之劃分（Developmental stage of gonad） 7
2.5 孕卵數（Fecundity）計算 9
2.6 性成熟體長估計 10
2.7 肥滿度（Coefficient of fatness, CF） 11
2.8 資料分析 11
第三章 結果 13
3.1 頭胸甲長（CL）與體長（BL）之關係 13
3.2 頭胸甲長（CL）與體重（BW）之關係 14
3.3 性比 14
3.4 生殖期判定 15
3.5 生殖腺成熟指數（Gonadosomatic index, GSI） 18
3.6 50%性成熟頭胸甲長之估計 18
3.7 頭胸甲長組成 19
3.8 體重組成 19
3.9 孕卵數（Fecundity） 20
3.10 肥滿度（Coefficient of fatmess, CF） 20
第四章 討論 21
4.1 外部形態形質之關係 21
4.2 生殖腺成熟指數及生殖季節 22
4.3 性成熟頭胸甲長 22
4.4 性比 24
4.5 孕卵數 24
4.6 肥滿度 25
4.7 漁業資源保育之建議： 25
參考文獻 26
附錄 58

Ahyong, S., T. Y. Chan and Y. C. Liao (2008) A catalog of the mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) of Taiwan. Nationl Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 90.

Cha H. K., Oh C. W. and Choi J. H. (2004) Biology of the cocktail shrimp, Trachysalambria curvirostris (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the Yellow Sea of Korea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK , 84：351-357.

Deecaraman, M. and T. Subramoniam (1983) Synchronous Development of the sex ovary and the female accessory glands of a crustacean, Squilla holoschista. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 92: 179-184.

Dell, Q and W. Sumpton (1999) Stomatopod by-catch from prawn trawling in Moreton Bay, Australia. Australia. Asian Fish. Sci., 12: 133-144.

Hamano, T. (1988) Mating behavior of Oratosquilla oratoria (de Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). J. Crust. Biol., 8: 239-244.

Hamano, T. (1990) Growth of the Stomatopod Crustacean Oratosquilla oratoria in Hakata Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59 (9): 1529.

Hamano, T. and S. Matsuura (1984) Egg laying and egg mass nursing behaviour in the Japanese mantis shrimp. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 50: 1969-1973.
Hamano, T. and S. Matsuura (1986a) Optumal prey size for he Japanese mantis shrimp from structure of raptorial cawl. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 52 (1): 1-10.

Hamano, T. and S. Matsuura (1986b) Food habits the Japanese mantis shrimp in the Benthic Community of Hakata Bay. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 52 (5): 787-749.

Hamano, T. and S. Matsuura (1987) Sex ratio of Japanese mantis shrimp in Hakata Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 53 (12): 2279.

Jia, X. M., C. L. Wang, Q. S. Zhao, X. M. Wang and C.J. Zheng (1999) Studies on cultire technigues of mantis shrimps, Qratosquilla kempi and Qratosquilla. oratoria. Donghai Mar. Sci.. 17: 47-50. [In Chinese]

Kodama, K., T. Yamakawa, I. Aoki, M. Fukuda, and T. Shimizu (2003) Multi-spawning under rearing condition, and reduction in size at maturity of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay. Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Fish. Res. Inst., 8: 77-79. [In Japanese]

Kodama, K., T.Shimizu, T. Yamakawa and I. Aoki (2004) Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of the larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Fish. Sci., 70: 734-745.

Kodama, K., H. Shiraishi, M. Morita and T. Horiguchi (2009) Reproductive biology of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea Stomatopoda): Annual cycle of gonadal development and copulation. Mar. Biol. Res., 5: 415-426.

Lyla, P. S., K. Panchatcharam and S. Ajmal Kham (1999) Breeding biology of the stomatopod Harpiosquilla melanoura (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) occurring in Parangipettat watwes, southeast coast of India. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 28: 87-88.

Manning, R. B. and T. Y. Chan (1997) The genus Faughnia from Taiwan, with the description of a new species ( Stomatopoda: Parasquilldae). J. Crust. Biol., 17 (3): 546-554.

Matsuura, S. and T. Hamano (1984) Selection for artificial burrows by the Japanese mantis shrimp with some notes and natural burrows. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 50 (12): 1963-1968.

Nakata, N. (1990) The assessment of stock and stock condition on the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (de Haan) in Tokyo Bay . Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Fish. Exp. Stn., 11: 17-25. [In Japanese]

Ohtomi, J., M. Shimizu and J.A. Martinez Vergara (1988) Spawning season of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 54: 1929-1933. [In Japanese]

Ohtomi, J. and M. Shimizu (1991)The spawning ground of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 53: 447-451.

Ohtomi, J., H. Wazoe and T. and Furota (2006) Larval stage composition and morphological change during larval development of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (de Haan, 1844) (Stomatopoda, Squillidae) in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Crustaceana, 78 (11): 1325-1337.

Torisawa, S., M. Mitsuhashi and Y. Nagai (1998) Spawning season of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan) in Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 63 (3): 453-461. [In Japanese]

Taylor J. and J. A. Haddy (2007) A. J. Courtney (chief editor) Bycatch weight, composition and preliminary estimates of the impact of bycatch reduction devices in Queensland's trawl fishery. Ch 15 Species composition, spatial distribution, relative abundance and reproductive biology of mantis shrimps in Moreton Bay. Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, 177-194.

Yamazaki, M. and A. Fuji (1980) Reproductive cycle of the mantis shrimp, Squilla oratoria de Haan, in Mutsu Bay. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 31: 161-168.

Yamada, R., K. Kodama, T. Yamakawa, T. Horiguchi and I. Aoki (2007) Growth and reproductive biology of the small penaeid shrimp Trachysalambria curvirostris in Tokyo Bay. Mar. Biol., 151 (3): 961-971.
Wortham-Neal, J.L. (2002) Reproduction morphology and biology of male and female mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda: Squillidae). J. Crust. Biol., 22 (4): 728-741.

Wang, C. H., X. M. Jiang, Q. S. Zhao, Q. Xu and Y. F. Xu (2001) Studies on ovarian histology of Qratosquilla kempi. Chinese J. Zool., 36 (4): 6-9. [In Chinese]　

王騰巍。2006。龜山島鄒邊漁場大型甲殼類多樣性研究。國立台灣海洋大學海洋生物研究所碩士學位論文。36頁。

何平合。1986。台灣北部沿海日本龍蝦生物學之研究。國立台灣海洋大學漁業研究所碩士學位論文。65頁。

施宜佳。2008。台灣龜山島海域產長腳鬥士赤蝦之漁業生物學研究。國立台灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學系碩士學位論文。38頁。

高慧貞。1999。台灣東北海域兩種長鬚蝦之生物學研究。國立台灣海洋大學海洋生物研究所碩士學位論文。43頁。

陳天任、游祥平，1988。蝦類概述。中國水產。第430期。35-52頁。

廖運志。1997。台灣產甲殼口足目之分類研究。國立台灣海洋大學海洋生物研究所碩士學位論文。135頁。

蔡枚娥。2006。台灣東北部海域長手隆背蟹之漁業生物學研究。國立台灣海洋大學環境生物與漁業科學系碩士學位論文。36頁。

趙婉伶。1989。臺灣北部海域產海螯蝦之生物學研究。國立台灣海洋大學漁業研究所碩士學位論文。134頁。

陸漢光。1985。大指蝦蛄打鬥行為之數理分析。國立中山大學海洋生物研究所碩士學位論文。46頁。

李嘉琳 。1991。大指蝦姑之居所競爭策略研究。國立中山大學海洋生物研究所碩士學位論文。34頁。