臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

浮水印技術已經發展多年，除了將浮水印藏入影像頻率域或空間域中等方法，近來也出現利用影像特徵值產生出一輔助資料，由擁有者保存待日後影像所有權有所爭議時，再利用此輔助資料與爭議影像萃取出其所宣稱之浮水印，證明該影像為其所擁有，但因此類方法完全沒有修改原圖，因此非常容易遭受到偽冒攻擊。
前者方法，將浮水印直接藏入影像中之傳統浮水印技術，雖然較不容易被偽冒，但為提高該類浮水印技術的強韌性，嵌入浮水印後之影像其品質往往與原圖相差甚遠。後者方法，雖然宣稱兩者兼具強韌性高及高影像品質，但因其並沒有真正將浮水印藏入影像中，因此，讓一張完全沒有被修改過的原圖在網路上流傳，根本無法抵抗偽冒攻擊，雖然有人提出利用公證第三者對輔助資料做簽章，但其實用性並不高。
本論文裏，有效結合這兩類方法之優點，提出一不可逆式之灰階影像浮水印技術，該技術之強韌性及嵌入浮水印後之影像品質均優於文獻中之傳統浮水印技術，且不需要公證第三者，利用所提方法中之金鑰自我認證的功能即可避免偽冒攻擊並加速影像認證。

Digital watermarking technologies have been developed for many years as a means for copyright protection of multimedia data. Most of those technologies can be divided into two main categories: spatial domain and frequency domain. Recently, a few new watermarking techniques were proposed based on the adjutant data which is produced directly from the feature of the copyrighted image and kept privately by the image owner. Because such methods do not modify the original image, those techniques are very easy be counterfeited.
Traditional digital watermarking technologies have embedded the watermark into the image and have stronger capability for resisting counterfeiting attack. Usually. the stronger robustness of the watermarking scheme we have, the poor quality of the watermarking image will be obtained. Those new techniques claim that both stronger robustness and better image quality are equipped simultaneously. In fact, the watermark is not embedded into the original image at all. Hence, those technologies can not be resistant to counterfeiting attack absolutely. Although, this problem can be resolved by the signature of one third trusted party (TA), it is not proper in practice.
In this thesis, a robust gray-level Image watermarking scheme is introduced to have higher fidelity of watermarking image or extracted watermark compared with that of traditional digital watermarking technologies. Besides, the proposed scheme can also avoid counterfeiting attack without the help of one TA.

第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1數位浮水印簡介………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2數位浮水印技術的安全性與強健性…………………………………………… 1
1.3 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………………………2
1.4 論文架構…………………………………………………………………………3
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1 現今浮水印技術的分析與探討……………………………………………… 4
2.2 離散小波轉換……………………………………………………………………6
2.3 離散餘弦轉換……………………………………………………………………8
2.4數位半色調影像技術…………………………………………………………… 9
2.4.1 有序抖動法………………………………………………………………… 9
2.4.2 誤差擴散法………………………………………………………………… 11
2.5錯誤更正碼……………………………………………………………………… 13
第三章 提出之浮水印技術…………………………………………………………… 15
3.1 有效抵抗惡意/非惡意攻擊之數位浮水印演算法…………………………… 19
3.2 影像認證產生階段……………………………………………………………… 21
3.2.1金鑰產生…………………………………………………………………… 21
3.2.2共享影像之產生…………………………………………………………… 21
3.2.3金鑰特徵擷取……………………………………………………………… 23
3.2.4特徵浮水印嵌入…………………………………………………………… 24
3.3 浮水印驗證階段………………………………………………………………… 27
3.3.1特徵浮水印取出…………………………………………………………… 27
3.3.2 金鑰特徵驗證……………………………………………………………… 27
3.3.3浮水印收回………………………………………………………………… 28
3.4 加速影像擁有權認證…………………………………………………………… 28
第四章 實驗結果與分析……………………………………………………………… 29
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………………… 36
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………… 37

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