臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討於土壤中分別添加2.5 ppm、5 ppm、10 ppm及15 ppm之銅、鋅、硒製備溶液後，對洋蔥(Allium cepa, L)根、莖和葉的吸收趨勢及相互間的關係。實驗初期洋蔥先行播種使其發芽，實驗期間不添加農藥及肥料。選擇成長相近大小發芽天數約50日之洋蔥苗，移植至控制銅、鋅、硒濃度的土壤中，且於移植後第0、5、7、9、11天採樣分析，洋蔥苗於栽種期間，僅以除草、澆水管理。洋蔥採樣後分根、莖及葉經微波消化處理，以感應耦合電漿發散光譜法(ICP-AES)分析其生長過程中無機元素於洋蔥根、莖、葉的增加趨勢及根圈附近土壤無機元素的含量變化。並取控制土壤所栽種之洋蔥球莖部份，分別作捕捉DPPH能力、螯合亞鐵離子能力、還原力等三種抗氧化活性測試。
實驗結果顯示，銅於洋蔥根部之攝取率最高，在土壤中添加15 ppm銅製備溶液且洋蔥莖部銅含量到達0.98 ppm時，於根部至球莖的過程有減少之現象，評估球莖對銅元素有選擇性的控制吸收，葉部則隨著添加濃度的增加及栽種時間的延長其含量有上升的趨勢，最高可到達0.94 ppm；洋蔥根、莖、葉的鋅元素以添加15 ppm鋅製備溶液的含量最高，且隨著種植時間的延長有增加的趨勢，以移植後第11天的吸收累積效果最好，根部可到達1.69 ppm，莖部可到達1.44 ppm，葉部則可達1.3 ppm，推測洋蔥對鋅有累積的效果；洋蔥對硒元素的攝取，以添加15 ppm試樣的含量最高，隨著栽種時間的延長，根莖葉含量均有上升的趨勢，以移植後第11天試樣的含量最高，根部可到達1.06 ppm，莖部可到達1.32 ppm，葉部則可達1.39 ppm，尤以葉子的攝取率最高，於移植後期9-11天最明顯。土壤中銅、鋅元素的含量，以移植後第11天試樣的含量最低，並於洋蔥移植後0-5天下降的趨勢最顯著；硒元素因為具有不易溶於水的特性，需要較長時間轉換成土壤與植體容易吸收及利用的型態，所以土壤中硒元素的含量，在第7天後下降的趨勢較顯著。抗氧化活性測試結果，捕捉 DPPH 自由基之能力以土壤中添加鋅製備溶液之洋蔥莖部試樣＞添加銅之試樣＞添加硒之試樣，其中含鋅試樣(1.44 ppm)與含銅試樣(1.32 ppm)皆以添加15 ppm的效果最佳，含銅試樣則以添加10 ppm (0.98 ppm)的效果較佳；螯合亞鐵離子之能力，以土壤中添加銅製備溶液之試樣＞鋅試樣＞硒試樣，含銅試樣以添加10 ppm (0.98 ppm)的效果最強，含鋅試樣以添加5 ppm (1.31 ppm)與10 ppm (1.39 ppm)相同為最佳，含硒試樣則以添加15 ppm (1.32 ppm)較佳；還原能力之測定為土壤中添加硒製備溶液之試樣＞銅試樣＞鋅試樣，銅、鋅、硒試樣均以添加15 ppm的效果最佳。未添加製備溶液之洋蔥莖部萃取液，於三種抗氧化測試結果，其活性均為最低，顯示土壤中添加銅、鋅、硒製備溶液，有助於洋蔥生長過程之攝取，進而增強抗氧化之活性。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between soil concentration of copper, zinc and selenium; and the tendency of onions (Allium cepa, L) to absorb these elements. copper, zinc and selenium solutions of 2.5ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm were tested. At the beginning of the experimental growing period, onions which had not been treated with fertilizer or pesticides were equated for size and transplanted to controlled soil. Samples were picked and analyzed 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after moving to the controlled soil. During the experimental growing period, only weeding and watering was performed. The experiment used ICP-AES to analyze the inorganic elements in the stalks, leaves and roots of the onions. The bulbs of onions grown in the soil under control were taken for the tests of three kinds of anti-oxidation activities: DPPH scavenging activity, metal chelating ability and ability of reduction.

The results showed that the roots of onion, L had the highest copper uptake rate. By adding 15 ppm cooper solution to the soil, a phenomenon of decrease in copper content was observed in roots and bulbs of onion when the cooper content in the bulbs of onion reached 0.98 ppm. It is evaluated that bulbs may control the absorption of copper selectively, and that the Cu content in leaves tends to increase with the increase of Cu concentration and extension of growing period, which can be as high as 0.94 ppm. The zinc content in roots, bulbs and leaves of the onion was the highest when zinc solution of 15 ppm was added, and it showed a tendency to increase with the lengthened growing period. The best accumulative Zn absorption effect was found in the 11th day after transplantation of onion and reached 1.69 ppm in roots, 1.44 ppm in bulbs, and 1.3 ppm in leaves. It may be presumed that onion can accumulate Zn because the onion samples had the highest Se content when Se solution of 15 ppm was added to the soil; the Se content in the roots, bulbs and leaves of onion tended to increase with the increase of growing period and reached the highest in the 11th day after transplantation, which was 1.06 ppm in roots, 1.32 ppm in bulbs, and 1.39 ppm in leaves. Especially, the highest Se uptake rate was noted in leaves. Such a condition was the most obvious in the later stage, i.e., the 9-11th day after transplantation. The lowest Cu and Zn contents in the soil appeared in the 11th day after transplantation of the samples, and the downtrend was the most noticeable in 1-5 days after transplantation of onion. Se needed a longer period to convert into a substance which could be absorbed and utilized by soil and plants easily because it was insoluble in water. Therefore, the Se content in soil dropped significantly in the 7th day after transplantation. According to the results of the anti-oxidation activity tests, the DPPH scavenging activity is Zn > Cu > Se. The best effect is found in samples containing Zn (1.44 ppm) and Cu (1.32 ppm) if Zn and Cu solution of 15 ppm is added to the soil respectively, and in samples containing Se (0.98 ppm) if Se solution of 10 ppm is added to the soil. As to the metal chelating ability, the test results show Cu > Zn > Se. The effect is the best if Cu solution of 10 ppm (0.98 ppm), Zn solution of 5 ppm (1.31 ppm) and 10 ppm (1.39 ppm), and Se solution of 15 ppm (1.32 ppm) are added to the soil respectively. In the test of the ability of reduction, the results show Se > Cu > Zn. The effect is the best if all of the Cu, Zn and Se solutions of 15 ppm are added to the soil. The anti-oxidation tests conducted on the bulb extract of onion without adding any solution indicated the lowest activity. This means the addition of Cu, Zn and Se solutions to soil can facilitate the absorption of the three elements by onion during the process of their growth and further increase their antioxidation activity.

摘要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ
致謝…………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖索引……………………………………………………………………Ⅷ
表索引…………………………………………………………………XI
第壹章 前言………………………………………………………………1
第貳章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………3
一、抗氧化防禦與人體健康之關聯性……………………………………3
二、無機元素和人體生理活動與抗氧化之關係…………………………6
三、無機元素在植物中的含量及機能……………………………………14
四、洋蔥的生長特性………………………………………………………17
五、土壤與植物生長之關聯性…………………………………………18
第参章 材料與方法……………………………………………………….22
一、實驗架構………………………………………………………………22
二、原料來源與採樣………………………………………………………24
三、原料前處理……….…………………………………………………24
四、無機元素的測定………………………………………………………25
五、洋蔥組織抗氧化力能力測定…………………………………………27
六、統計分析………………………………………………………………29
第肆章 結果與討論………………………………………………………30
一、土壤添加不同濃度銅製備溶液，對洋蔥根莖葉生長分佈之變化…30
二、土壤添加不同濃度鋅製備溶液，對洋蔥根莖葉生長分佈之變化…46

三、土壤添加不同濃度硒製備溶液，對洋蔥根莖葉生長分佈之變化….62
四、土壤中添加銅、鋅、硒製備溶液對洋蔥莖部抗氧化能力之影響….78
第伍章 結論………………………………………………………………87
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………89






















圖索引
圖1 細胞中氧化反應與抗化系統簡圖 11
圖2 銅元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 31
圖3 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中銅含量的斜率
變化 ……………………………………………………………………..32
圖4 銅元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 34
圖5 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部銅含量的斜率
變化 ……………………………………………………………………..35
圖6 銅元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 37
圖7 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部銅含量的斜率
變化 38
圖8 銅元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 40
圖9 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部銅含量的斜率
變化 41
圖10 土壤中添加不同濃度銅製備溶液，於洋蔥各部位之攝取百
分比 44
圖11 鋅元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 47
圖12 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中鋅含量的斜率
變化 48
圖13 鋅元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 50
圖14 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部鋅含量的斜率
變化 51
圖15 鋅元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 53
圖16 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部鋅含量的斜率
變化 54
圖17 鋅元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 56
圖18 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部鋅含量的斜率
變化 57
圖19 土壤中添加不同濃度鋅製備溶液，於洋蔥各部位之攝取百
分比 60
圖20 硒元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 63
圖21 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中硒含量的斜率
變化 64
圖22 硒元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 66
圖23 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部硒含量的斜率
變化 67
圖24 硒元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 69
圖25 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部硒含量的斜率
變化 70
圖26 硒元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之趨勢變化 72
圖27 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部硒含量的斜率
變化 73
圖28 土壤中添加不同濃度硒製備溶液，於洋蔥各部位之攝取百
分比 76
圖29 添加不同濃度銅、鋅、硒製備溶液之洋蔥試樣，於反應30分
鐘時捕捉 DPPH 之能力 80
圖30 添加不同濃度銅、鋅、硒製備溶液之洋蔥試樣，於反應30分
鐘時螯合亞鐵離子之能力 83
圖31 添加不同濃度銅、鋅、硒製備溶液之洋蔥試樣，於反應30分
鐘時之還原能力 86
































表索引
表1 氧所衍生之自由基對人體可能造成之傷害 5
表2 不同年齡對硒的安全及適當攝取量 9
表3 氧化劑與抗氧化劑之拮抗 14
表4 植物體中各元素含量與必要性 16
表5 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀操作條件 26
表6 分析元素線性範圍及相關係數 27
表7 銅元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 31
表8 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中銅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 32
表9 銅元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 34
表10 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部銅含量的斜率與總 斜率之變化 35
表11 銅元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 37
表12 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部銅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 38
表13 銅元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 40
表14 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部銅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 41
表15 銅元素在採樣時間、添加濃度、根莖葉及土壤之相關性 42
表16 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著添加銅製備溶液濃度之升高於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 45
表17 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著栽種時間之延長，銅元素於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 45
表18 鋅元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 47
表19 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中鋅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 48
表20 鋅元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 50
表21 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部鋅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 51
表22 鋅元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 53
表23 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部鋅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 54
表24 鋅元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 56
表25 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部鋅含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 57
表26 鋅元素在採樣時間、添加濃度、根莖葉及土壤之相關性 58
表27 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著添加鋅製備溶液濃度之升高於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 61
表28 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著栽種時間之延長，鋅元素於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 61
表29 硒元素於土壤中，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 63
表30 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，土壤中硒含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 64
表31 硒元素於洋蔥根部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 66
表32 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥根部硒含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 67
表33 硒元素於洋蔥莖部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 69
表34 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥莖部硒含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 70
表35 硒元素於洋蔥葉部，不同的添加量及採樣時間之含量變化 72
表36 添加濃度的改變及栽種時間的延長，洋蔥葉部硒含量的斜率與總斜率之變化 73
表37 硒元素在採樣時間、添加濃度、根莖葉及土壤之相關性 74
表38 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著添加硒製備溶液濃度之升高於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 77
表39 洋蔥生長過程中，隨著栽種時間之延長，硒元素於土壤及根、莖、葉之含量變化 77

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