臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

分布在岐頭灣的卵葉鹽草（Halophila ovalis）為澎湖覆蓋率最高的海草床，依存的生物種類豐富，具有相當重要的生態價值，但受到人為干擾與環境變遷的影響，分布範圍也逐漸變小。本研究顯示卵葉鹽草全年覆蓋率在7-8月及12-2月出現2次的降幅；在7-8月高水溫期間第3對葉片有明顯變小的趨勢；生物量、地下莖長及葉片數分別在4-7月及11-1月間出現2個高峰，花果期也隨之出現；地上部與地下部的比值平均僅為0.49±0.11，全年出現4個起伏，顯現生命週期短、生長迅速的模式；在東北季風強盛的10-1月，地下莖長度變長以便於錨固。鹽度在25及35ppt與水溫30℃時卵葉鹽草植株的生長率最佳。種子在發芽後，由子葉突起伸展、胚根伸出、由第1到第5葉及第1對新芽陸續生出。低鹽度不僅能使發芽率提升，更能能縮短發芽期程。有、無光照對發芽率雖然沒有顯著差異，但無光照處理的平均發芽日數明顯較短，加快發芽期程；而光照處理有助於幼苗長出更多的葉子。雖然發芽係數以無光照、5ppt的最佳，但考量到幼苗的成長，以光照、10ppt為最適發芽條件。以10℃、35ppt的處理最適宜海草種子的保種條件。



關鍵字:卵葉鹽草、生物量、種子發芽

The coverage of seagrass Halophilaovalis in Citou Bay is the highest of all the seagrass meadows in Penghu. It has high ecological importance because there are abundant species of creatures. However, the distribution of the seagrass meadow is shrinking because of the influence of human disturbance and environmental changing. In this study, it revealed that the coverage dropped twice in a year, during July to August and December to February. The third pair of leaves was obviously smaller during the high-water temperature period of July to August. There were two peaks of biomass, rhizome length, and leaf amount during April to July and November to January; moreover, blooming and fruiting periods appeared as well. The ratio of shoot system to root system were 0.49±0.11. There were four undulations of the curve showed that it has a short life cycle and rapid growing speed. The length of rhizome grew longer during October to January for anchoring in the monsoon season. There was the best growth rate under the salinity of 25 and 35ppt and the temperature of 30℃. After germinating, the cotyledon extended and radicle stretched, and then the first to the fifth leaf and the first pair of buds grew consecutively. Low salinity would not only promote the germination rate but also shorten the time frame of germination. There was no statistical significant difference of germinate rate between the group with and without artificial light. However, the average germination days of the group without artificial light was obviously shorter than the other. Providing light to the young seedlings would be helpful on growing more leaves. Considering the growth of young seedlings, the best germination condition would be under the salinity of 10ppt with light, although the best germination index was the condition under the salinity of 5ppt without light. Therefore, the best preservation condition for seagrass seeds was 10℃ and 35ppt.




Keywords: Halophila ovalis, biomass, germination

目錄
頁次
中文摘要.………………………………………………………..……………….. I
英文摘要.…………………………………………………………………………II
謝辭.…………………………………………………………..……………………III
目錄.…………………………………………………………..…………………IV
壹、前言 .…………………………………………….………………………….. 1
貳、材料與方法 ………………………….…………….………………………… 7
一、卵葉鹽草生物量季節性變化之調查研究………….…………………… 7
（一）採樣時間、頻度與地點…………...………….……………………… 7
1. 採樣時間、頻度……………………………………..……………… 7
2. 調查地點……………………………………………..……………… 7
（二）樣本採集、環境監測與生物量分析…………..…..………………… 7
1. 本採集方法…………….……….……….………………………… 7
2. 固定測站環境之監測….………………………………………….. 8
(1)水溫………………………………………………………………..9
(2)強降雨對潮間帶海草床退潮期間鹽度變化 ..…………………..9
(3)底土粒徑分析……………………………………………………..9
3. 卵葉鹽草生物量之季節性變化分析…………………………………9
(1)海草覆蓋率估算……………………………………………………9
(2)海草生物量………………………………………………………10
(3)地上部/地下部之比值………………………………………10
(4)地下莖長…………………………………………………………10
(5)葉片數……………………………………………………………10
(6)第3對葉片之長與寬……………………………………………11
(7)卵葉鹽草花、果期與豐度…………………………………………11
（三）卵葉鹽草在不同水溫與鹽度成長之比較……………………………11
1.樣本來源與前處理 …………………………………………………12
2.水溫與鹽度對成長之比較..…………………………………………12
(1)不同水溫成長比較………………………………………………12
(2)不同鹽度成長比較………………………………………………12
二、卵葉鹽草種子發芽型態變化與環境因子對種子發芽之影響..…………13
（一）卵葉鹽草種子發芽型態變化 ………………………………………13
（二）環境因子對卵葉鹽草種子發芽之影響 ……………………………13
1.光照與否及鹽度對種子發芽之影 …………………………………13
2.發芽後經過鹽度馴化處理對幼苗葉子生長的影響..………………14
3.溫度對種子發芽之影響……………………………………….…….14
4.種子保存試驗 …………………………………………..…………15
5.種子發芽率、平均發芽日數及發芽係數……………………………15
6.資料統計分析………………………………………………………16
參、結果 .…………………………………………………………………………17
一、卵葉鹽草生物量季節性變化之調查研究……………………………….17
（一）固定測站環境之間測 ……………………………………………17
1. 水溫 ..………………………………………………………………18
2. 降雨對歧頭海草床棲地退潮期間鹽度之變化……………………..18
3. 底土粒徑分析………………………………………………………19
（二）卵葉鹽草生物量之季節性變化之調查研究………………………19
1. 海草覆蓋率…………………………………………………………19
2. 海草生物量…………………………………………………………20
3. 地上部/地下部之比值……………………………………………21
4. 地下莖長……………………………………………………………21
5. 葉片數………………………………………………………………22
6. 第3對葉片之長與寬………………………………………………22
7. 卵葉鹽草花、果期與豐度……………………………………………23
(1)雄花期與豐度…………………………………………………23
(2)雌花期與豐度…………………………………………………24
(3)果實期與豐度…………………………………………………24
8.各測站點的覆蓋率、生物量與花果期時序與豐度分析…………25
（三）卵葉鹽草在不同水溫與鹽度成長之比較…………………………25
1. 水溫…………………………………………………………………25
2. 鹽度…………………………………………………………………26
（四）海草床生物相紀錄……………………………………………………27
二、卵葉鹽草種子發芽型態變化與環境因子對種子發芽之影響…………28
（一）卵葉鹽草種子發芽型態變化……………………………………… 28
（二）鹽度對種子發芽之影響…………………………………………… 29
1. 光照處理……………………………………………………………29
2. 無光照處理…………………………………………………………30
3. 各鹽度及有無光照，對發芽率、平均發芽日數的影響統計分析…31
4.發芽後經過鹽度馴化與否對生長葉數的影響……………………31
（三）溫度對種子發芽之影響………………………………………………31
（四）種子保存試驗……………………………………………………….32

肆、討論 .………………………………………………………………………33
一、卵葉鹽草生物量季節性變化之調查研究………………………………33
（一）水溫…………………………………………………………………33
（二）強降雨對岐頭海草床棲地退潮期間鹽度之變化…………………34
（三）底土粒徑分析………………………………………………………34
（四）卵葉鹽草生物量之季節性變化……………………………………35
1. 覆蓋率………………………………………………………………35
2. 生物量………………………………………………………………37
3. 地上部與地下部之比值……………………………………………37
4. 地下莖長……………………………………………………………38
5. 第3對葉片之長與寬………………………………………………39
6.花期與果實期………………………………………………………39
二、卵葉鹽草在不同水溫與鹽度成長之比較………………………………41
三、鹽度、有無光照及溫度對卵葉鹽草種子發芽之影響…………………44
四、種子保存試驗…………………………………………………………..46
五、海草的「無性生殖」與「有性生殖」效益比較…………………49
伍、結論與建議….…………………………………………………………… 49
一、結論……….…………………………………………………………… 51
（一）卵葉鹽草生物量季節性變化…………………………………… 51
（二）環境因子對卵葉鹽草種子發芽之影響…………………………51
二、建議……….…………………………………………………………… 52

陸、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………… 54
柒、圖 .…………….…………………………………………………………… 66
捌、表.…………….…………………………………………………………… 85
附錄1：歧頭灣海草床生物相（軟體動物）……………………………………91
附錄2：歧頭灣海草床生物相（棘皮動物）……………………………………93
附錄3：歧頭灣海草床生物相（甲殼動物）……………………………………94

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網路文獻
許博行（2013）樹苗繁殖法課程講義.（http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/bhsheu/lesson/33.pdf）
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