臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以FDS針對電影院內天花板與壁裝材質採用PU會產生延燒及閃燃之火災情境進行撒水滅火效能模擬分析，以水滴大小分為傳統撒水(粒徑1000µm)及兩種細水霧(500µm和100µm)等進行三種不同參數分析。所有情境之火源皆以極快速(Ultra-fast)成長曲線引燃，並達到最大熱釋放率1000kW，火源位置於影廳最後排左方角落，而座椅材質皆亦為PU。藉由模擬所得到之影廳總熱釋放率、天花板下溫度以及氧濃度曲線來觀察其撒水之滅火效能。經模擬結果顯示，不管何種類型撒水作動，火場之延燒、熱釋放率和天花板下溫度等皆遠低於未撒水之情況，顯示撒水能有效降低火場之危險性。傳統撒水效能優於兩細水霧情境，主因是水量差距相差13.8倍；而在相同水量下，熱釋放率峰值則差異不大。在三種撒水滅火效能中，針對氧氣濃度來比較，發現傳統撒水與細水霧之氧氣濃度並沒有太大差異，顯示對於細水霧之主要滅火機制-"氧氣排擠效應"並沒有彰顯其效果，因此可推論出FDS並無法有效的模擬該效應，故FDS在模擬細水霧之滅火效能仍有改善的空間。

This thesis applied Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) to study the fire suppression effects of sprinklers in the theater, whose ceiling and wall material is set to be PU. The water droplet sizes of the sprinkler were categorized into three types: 1000µm (traditional sprinkler), 500µm and 100µm. The last two are of water mist. The designed fire source, located in the left corner of the last row of the theater, was in an ultra-fast growth curve and it reached the maximum heat release rate of 1MW. The seat material was PU. The parameters to observe the fire suppression effects were the heat release rate, under-ceiling temperatures, and oxygen concentrations.
The simulation results showed that no matter what type of water sprinkle system is activated, the heat release rate, fire spread and temperature under the ceiling are much lower than those without water spray, indicating that the acting sprinkle system can effectively mitigate the fire intensity. The traditional water-spray performance was better than that of the two water mist systems. The main reason is that the traditional sprinkle system provides much more spray water, 13.8 times of water mist ones. At the same amount of water, the peak heat release rates are the same. It is found that the resultant oxygen concentrations for the three systems show not much different, indicating that the "Oxygen Displacement" of the water mist does not demonstrate its effect in FDS. Therefore, the fire suppression effect by the Oxygen Displacement, one of the main effects of water mist could be added in FDS in the near future.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
符號說明 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧 3
1.3研究方法與架構 10
第二章 理論分析與材料特性 13
2.1性能法規之發展趨勢及瓶頸 13
2.2 火災發生及成長延燒理論 14
2.2.1火災的發生 14
2.2.2 火災成長理論 16
2.2.3 火災延燒理論 17
2.3 CFD模擬材料延燒的可行性 20
2.4 細水霧之滅火特性 22
2.5 相關法規 23
2.5.1 電影院建築法規 23
2.5.2 撒水頭相關法規 26
第三章 模擬軟體與理論介紹 28
3.1火災模擬軟體(FDS) 28
3.1.1流體力學之統御方程式 29
3.1.2差分方程式 31
3.1.3燃燒模式 34
3.1.4熱輻射之統御方程式 36
3.1.5邊界條件 37
3.2模型建立軟體PyroSim 40
3.2.1網格劃分(Meshes) 40
3.2.2建立幾何外觀(Obstruction) 41
3.2.3表面性質設定(Surface) 41
3.2.4消防排煙設備設置(Devices) 41
3.2.5量測點設置(Devices) 41
3.2.6初始條件設定 42
3.2.7邊界條件設定 42
3.2.8計算條件設定(Simulation parameter) 42
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 FDS模擬參數定義 45
4.1.1模擬對象 45
4.1.2設計火源與相關設定 47
4.2各模擬情境介紹 52
4.3 火災模擬與結果 53
4.3.1 天花板與壁裝材質差異分析 53
4.3.2 撒水滅火分析 72
4.3.3 綜合比較 108
第五章 結論 116
參考文獻 118

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