臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

空間色彩是影響環境最主要的因素。色彩除了是表徵物體特質的重要訊息外，更重要的是它經由視覺傳達給觀賞者，能直接反應人體生理與心理的狀態。以往展示空間對於牆面色彩的要求，僅是扮演配角的工作，所以通常會選擇一個較不會引起注意且單調的色彩，讓觀眾的目光可以聚焦在展示品上。逐漸地，展示空間牆面色彩開始被賦予重要的使命，在不搶鋒芒的前提下，它能突顯展示品的精采，營造一個特定的空間氛圍，提供更好的參觀經驗。然而，隨著時代的變遷與全球化的發展，人類的生活水平日益提升，逐漸重視視覺的傳達，大眾的消費觀念已從簡單的物品消費轉為精緻的感性消費及附加價值高的體驗經濟。電腦與網路的興起帶領我們進入全方面數位化的時代，帶來了對空間另一種詮釋與解讀的可能性，透過多元的資訊內容以及使用者的參與互動和想像，而促使虛擬空間的產生。
本研究主要探討人對色彩之視覺刺激所產生的心理與生理變異影響，實驗中利用電腦所模擬建構的虛擬空間，搭配常用展示空間之牆面色彩，進行虛擬空間環境色彩對人的影響探討與分析。研究中以感性工學、生理監控、虛擬實境…等技術為基礎，運用實驗研究法進行研究規劃與設計，並透過電腦數位系統、虛擬實境(VR)、心率變異(HRV)等設備進行施測。經心率變異實驗結果顯示，受試者在觀看藍色空間後LF/HF比值有顯著下降的趨勢，意味著情緒狀態為放鬆、沉靜；觀看黃色空間後LF/HF比值有顯著上升的趨勢，意味著情緒狀態為興奮、亢奮；其餘色彩空間在受試者觀看前後則無顯著差異。在空間意象語彙感知方面，受試者對於「愉悅活潑感」 之感受程度較高的色彩空間為黃色空間與紅色空間；「浪漫優雅感」之感受程度較高的色彩空間為紅色空間；「舒適自在感」之感受程度較低的色彩空間為黑色空間；「單調呆板感」與「安定冰冷感」感受程度較高的色彩空間皆為黑色空間、藍色空間、白色空間。
本研究為初步的色彩科學實驗，期望此研究成果能做為空間規劃時的依循，藉此了解消費者對於環境空間的心理與生理需求，以助於提升虛擬空間的商業價值。

One of the most important factors that affects the environment is the colors in the space. Colors are not only the important message that represents an object’s characteristics, but also can convey visual messages to the viewer so that the viewer’s physiological and psychological states can be reflected. In the past, the requirement for the wall colors in a demonstration space played only a minor role. As a result, a less noticeable and monotonic color is usually selected so that the observers can pay most attention to the part for display. Gradually, the wall colors in a demonstrated space are assigned with an important mission in order to highlight the splendid of the part for display without taking too much of the spotlight. The objective is to build up a special atmosphere for the space so that the observing experience can be enhanced. However, as the transition throughout times and the global development, the quality of people’s living standard is gradually enhanced and the highlight turns to the visual transmission. The consumption concept of the public has turned from simple objects to delicate and emotional consumption and the experience economy with higher added values. The emergence of computers and the Internet has guided us into a comprehensive digital era. This brings another possibility of depicting and interpreting the space. Via diversified information and contents, a virtual space can be created by the participation, interaction, and imagination of the users.
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the visual stimulus of colors on the resulting physiological and psychological variations. In the experiment, the visual space that was built up by computer simulation was configured with the wall colors that are commonly used in demonstration spaces. As a result, the influence of the environmental colors in a virtual space on people can be investigated and analyzed. This study is based on the technologies including Kansei engineering, physiological monitoring, and virtual reality. The experimental research methodology was implemented to the research planning and design. The tests were carried out by the computer digital system, virtual reality (VR), heart rate variability (HRV). The result of the HRV experiment indicated that, the LF/HF ratio significantly dropped after the subjects viewed a blue space. Therefore, the emotional state is more relaxed and calm. On the other hand, the LF/HF ratio significantly increased after the subjects viewed a yellow space. This indicated that their emotional state is more excited and stimulated. Other colors presented no significant difference before and after the subjects take a view. From the aspect of the vocabulary perception of the spatial imagery, the yellow space and the red space delivered a higher degree of perception of the delighted and lively feeling. The red space delivered a higher degree of perception of the romantic and elegant feeling. The black space delivered a lower degree of perception of the comfortable and unrestrained feeling. The black, blue, and white spaces all deliver a higher degree of perception of the monotonic and dull feeling and the stable and cold feeling.
This study deals with a preliminary scientific experiment of colors. It is expected that the research results can serve as a good reference for follow-up space planning. As a result, the consumers’ physiological and psychological demands of the environmental space can be determined in order to enhance the commercial value of virtual spaces.

摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Purpose of the Research 5
1.3 Research Hypothesis 5
1.4 Research Framework 6
1.5 Research Scope and Limitation 8
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Fundamental Theory of Colors 9
2.1.1 Color Order System 9
2.1.2 Color Psychology and Physiology 14
2.1.3 Color Imagery and Perception 20
2.2 Space concept 25
2.2.1 Spatial Visual Perception 28
2.2.2 Space color image perception 32
2.3 Visual simulation 36
2.3.1 Visual simulation theory 36
2.3.2 Three-dimensional stereoscopic displaying principles and techniques 38
2.3.3 Virtual reality classification and applications 44
2.4 Psychology and Physiology 63
2.4.1 Physiological psychology 63
2.4.2 Physiological Response Mechanism and Physiological Measurement 66
2.4.3 Measurement and Analysis of Heart Rate Variability 70
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND IMPLEMENTATION 79
3.1 Research Background and Motivation 82
3.2 Preparation Prior to Experiment and Questionnaire Design 88
3.2.1 Questionnaire Design for Psychological Preference Assessment 88
3.2.2 Criteria of Subjects 89
3.2.3 Introduction and Grouping of participants prior to experiment 90
3.3 Experiment Design and Space Model Construction 92
3.3.1 Virtual space construction 92
3.3.1.1 Selection of the Wall Colors 94
3.3.1.2 Adjustment of the light source 97
3.3.1.3 Configuration of Characters’ Angle of View 101
3.3.2 Implementing the Experiment and Conducting the test 103
3.3.2.1 Place of Experiment and the Configuration of Equipment 103
3.3.2.2 Preparation before the Experiment 107
3.3.2.3 Implementation Procedures of the Experiment 109
3.4 Data Analysis Method 112
CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 114
4.1 Paired Sample T-test 114
4.1.1 Comparison of the HRV’s difference before and after the experiment for the meditation group 114
4.1.2 Comparison of the HRV’s difference before and after the experiment for the meditation group 116
4.1.3 Comparison of the HRV difference before and after the experiment within the VR_D group 117
4.1.4 Comparison of the HRV difference before and after the experiment within the VR_G group 118
4.1.5 Comparison of the HRV difference before and after the experiment within the VR_R group 119
4.1.6 Comparison of the HRV difference before and after the experiment within the VR_W group 121
4.1.7 Comparison of the HRV difference before and after the experiment within the VR_Y group 122
4.2 Influence of virtual showroom colors on the psychological and physiological aspects 124
4.2.1 Comparison of the scale of perception of the delighted and lively feeling between six groups 125
4.2.2 Comparison of the scale of perception of the romantic and elegant feeling between six groups 127
4.2.3 Comparison of the scale of perception of the comfortable and unrestrained feeling between six groups 129
4.2.4 Comparison of the scale of perception of the monotonic and dull feeling between six groups 132
4.2.5 Comparison of the scale of perception of the stable and cold feeling between six groups 135
4.2.6 Comparison of the between-group HRV physiological variance signals for these six groups 139
4.3 Analysis related to the space imagery vocabularies and physiological variance 143
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 151
REFERENCES 154
Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE IMAGERY VOCABULARIES OF THE VISUAL PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENT BUSINESS DEMONSTRATION SPACES 174
Appendix B QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EXTRACTING THE ADJECTIVE VOCABULARIES FROM THE EXPERTS 175
Appendix C QUESTIONNAIRE OF ADJECTIVE VOCABULARIES FOR EXPERTS 176
Appendix D CONSENT FORM FOR THE SUBJECTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE EXPERIMENTS 178
Appendix E QUESTIONNAIRE OF ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF VIRTUAL DEMONSTRATION SPACE COLORS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERCEPTIONS 181

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