臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　從1982年至今，有關量測圓管彎曲負載時橢圓化量的量測器在功能上、精確度上及使用上皆有一些缺點，例如: 量測器僅能量測一個截面的橢圓化量、量測器不易裝設或量測器量測各截面的橢圓化量的不便與不準確。然而，精確的量測圓管元件在彎曲負載時的管面橢圓化以隨時掌握圓管元件狀況，對工業界是相當重要的課題。針對此一課題，本文提出以下的研究。
　　本文提出一個量測精確且裝卸簡易的圓管曲度及各截面橢圓化量測器。該量測器包含有：一部CCD數位攝影機、兩個傾角器及一個自行設計的支架。當圓管承受循環彎曲負載時，支架會隨著圓管循環彎曲上下移動，支架上的CCD數位攝影機將可拍攝到整個彎曲過程中圓管的變化，同時夾具下的兩個傾角器將偵測整個彎曲過程中圓管的角度變化。接著，本文將CCD數位攝影機所拍攝到的圓管變形影像立刻傳輸到電腦上，並透過影像處理的軟體加以分析以求得圓管在循環彎曲負載時各截面的橢圓化量。同時，兩個傾角器將偵測的圓管角度變化量也立刻傳輸到電腦上，並透過簡易的運算以求得圓管循環彎曲負載時的曲度量。
　　為測試該量測器的功能，本文以彎管試驗機對7005-T53鋁合金管進行循環彎曲負載實驗，並以新設計的量測器進行量測7005-T53鋁合金管在循環彎曲負載下的曲度量及各截面的橢圓化量。此外，本文以也使用曲度-橢圓化量測器（COMA）進行量測，並與CCD數位攝影機所量測橢圓化量的結果進行比較。結果顯示，在同一個截面上，CCD數位攝影機和COMA所量測的橢圓化量非常近似，由此可確認CCD數位攝影機量測的精確度。此外，CCD數位攝影機可拍攝到橫向跨距的圓管，影像中包含有許多圓管的橫截面，因此，各截面的橢圓化的變化量也可以同時量測的到。

　　In this project, an accurate and easy to set up curvature and ovalization for each section measurement apparatus for circular tubes is proposed. The apparatus contains：a CCD digital camera, two inclinometers and a self-designed bracket. The bracket has two extended arms on both sides, the front of each arm has a clamp. The clamp can grab the circular tube tightly, and an inclinometer
is under each clamp. The bracket will move up and down along with the cyclic bending when the circular tube is subjected to cyclic bending. The CCD digital camera will take photograph of the change of the circular tube during the bending process. Simultaneously, the two inclinometer under the clamps will detect angle changes of the circular tube during the bending process, Next, the images taken by the CCD digital camera will transfer to a computer, and a image process software will analyze to obtain the ovalization of each section for circular tube under cyclic bending. Simultaneously, the angle changes detected by two inclinometers will transfer to a computer, too, the curvature for circular tube under cyclic bending can be calculated through a very simple calculation process. For testing the capability of this newly designed measurement apparatus, the tube bending will be used to experimentally test the AL-7005 stainless steel tubes with be used to measure the curvature and ovalization of each section for AL-7005 stainless steel tubes under cyclic bending.

摘要
目錄
圖表目錄
符號說明
第一章 緒論 1
§ 1-1 前言 1
§ 1-2 文獻回顧 2
§ 1-3 研究目的 7
第二章 實驗設備 8
§ 2-1 整體設備 8
§ 2-1-1 彎管試驗機本體 11
§ 2-1-2 電腦監控系統 13
§ 2-1-3 油壓伺服控制設備 14
§ 2-1-4 檢測儀器 16
§ 2-2 整體組裝功能 17
第三章 量測裝置 19
§ 3-1 CCD數位攝影機 19
§ 3-2 曲率檢測器 20
第四章 實驗方法 22
§ 4-1 實驗原理 22
§ 4-2 實驗材料 23
§ 4–3 實驗步驟 23
§ 4-4 實驗注意事項 29
第五章 結果與討論 31
§ 5-1 CCD擺設位置討論 31
§ 5-2 比對使用COMA與CCD數位攝影機量測結果 32
§ 5-3 各截面橢圓化-曲度-跨距描述 33
第六章 結論 35
§ 6-1 總結 35
§ 6-2 建議與心得 36
參考文獻 68

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