臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電動機車的關鍵技術包括：電池、馬達及控制器。然而電動車的續航力不足，仍為其推展不利的主要問題。如何讓電池的運用更有效率便成為未來發展車控系統的主要目標。其中技術包含相位領先與能量回充兩大部份。本論文將針對相角提前的效率評估及這兩個主要技術的整合進行研究。其次，馬達控制器本身即具備序列埠的通訊，這讓我們能監視馬達的速度、電流狀態，並且透過介面送出馬達控制訊號。Java語言具有控制低階通訊的能力，並且其用於發展網路上的應用程式相當便利。結合上述的兩種特性，便能將我們的控制器透過Java撰寫的程式完成由通訊埠、Local端主機、網際網路這一連串的資料轉移，讓不同的遠端主機On-Line的從控制器讀回速度電流資及下達控制命令，達成遠端監控的功效。

The key technologies of an electric motorcycle are battery, motor, and controller. Due to the low energy density of the battery, current electric motorcycles have limited cruising range. Therefore, an efficient motor controller and energy management are very important. In this thesis, we investigate the phase-advance motor control strategy and energy-reuse techniques to enhance the efficiency. Further, the study also uses a serial port to monitor motor speed, current status, and send system commands to the controller. Java is used to build the interface which is capable of low-level communication as well as network applications. As a result, we could transmit information to remote host via serial port, local host, and Internet.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表列 viii
圖列 ix
第一章緒論 1
1.1 電動機車發展動機 1
1.2 電動機車技術領域 1
1.3 由低階硬體週邊控制延伸到網際網路 1
1.4 論文研究重點 2
第二章 電動機車馬達控制系統硬體架構 3
2.0 硬體平台概述 3
2.1 F243-BASED EVM電路設計 3
2.1.1 記憶體電路設計 5
2.1.2 Buffer之控制電路 6
2.1.3 RS232電路 6
2.1.4 Power on Reset電路 7
2.1.5 電源保護電路 7
2.1.6 特殊腳位Pull-High電路 8
2.1.7 JTAG電路 8
2.1.8 Can Bus Tranceiver路 8
2.2 FPGA設計說明 9
2.2.1 記憶體與Buffer控制電路 10
2.2.2 解碼電路 11
2.2.3 Timer計數電路及控制電路 12
2.2.4 數位Plus濾波電路 13
2.3 使用F243及FPGA的優點 14
2.4 馬達驅動及訊號處理電路版 14
2.4.1 IR2110驅動IC電路 14
2.4.2 DC側馬達電流訊號放大及濾波電路 15
2.4.3 硬體限流電路 15
2.4.4 軟體限流電路 16
2.4.5 油門輸入電路 17
2.4.6 Hall Sensor電路 18
2.4.7 Relay控制電路 18
2.4.8 電瓶電壓迴授電路 18
2.4.9 Turbo Relay控制電路 19
2.4.10 Buzzer控制電路 19
2.4.11 PWM訊號轉成DC電壓電路 20
2.4.12 輸入訊號電路 20
2.5 DC-DC CONVERTER電路 20
2.6 POWER MODULE的電路 21
2.7 實驗室系統架構 22
2.6 車控系統概觀 23
第三章 相位領先(弱激磁)與能量回充控制原理 25
3.0 引論 25
3.1 DC無刷馬達驅動原理 25
3.2 馬達轉速與扭力效率分析 26
3.3 電能回充機制原理概述 29
第四章 電動機車控制系統軟體整合 31
4.0 引論 31
4.1 可重用IP-BASED軟體設計 31
4.1.1 即時多工核心 31
4.1.2 設備驅動模組 33
4.1.3 系統特色 35
4.2 電動機車驅動與能量回充控制軟體之實作 36
4.2.1 硬體週邊電路訊號的讀取及控制 36
4.2.1.1 油門的讀取 36
4.2.1.2 軟體限流的偵測 37
4.2.1.3 MOSFET Power Module的開關控制 37
4.2.1.4 Hall Sensor之讀取方式 39
4.2.1.5 FPGA I/O讀寫 41
4.2.1.6 URAT的資料傳送 41
4.2.2 驅動控制與能量回充實作原理 42
4.2.2.1 簡述相角提前之實作機制 42
4.2.2.2 回充實作機制簡述 43
4.2.3 整合控制軟體實作 47
4.2.3.1 整合驅動與回充實作 48
4.2.3.2 軟體油門 50
4.2.4 各個Task的工作說明 51
4.2.4.1 MotorDrive Task 51
4.2.4.2 ReadStatus Task 53
4.2.4.3 GetPcCommand Task 53
4.2.4.4 各個Task之間的聯繫 54
4.3 PC端介面 60
第五章 遠端網路監控 61
5.0 引論 61
5.1 JAVA在低階通訊埠上的應用 61
5.1.1 取得序列埠資源的基本觀念 61
5.1.2 SERVER端的RS232通訊 62
5.2 使用SERVLET設計伺服端服務程式 64
5.2.1 為何使用Servlet? 64
5.2.2 Servlet的生命週期 65
5.2.3.1 DaemonHttpServlet超類別實作 67
5.2.3.2 MotorShowServlet類別實作 68
5.3 使用APPLET設計客戶端程式 70
5.4 遠端網路通訊聯繫機制 75
5.4.1 馬達遠端監控機制實現程序概要 77
5.4.2 Applet介面 78
第六章 相角提前效率討論及整合測試結果分析 79
6.1 相角提前測試結果分析 79
6.1.1 效率量測 79
6.1.2 扭力量測 79
6.1.3 實驗條件與實驗曲線的理論說明 80
6.1.4 實驗結果 81
6.2 驅動與能量回充副程式的整合結果分析 96
6.2.1 整合邏輯測試結果與回充電流分析 96
6.2.2 回充加驅動實驗結果討論 100
6.3 車控軟體需要改進之處 100
第七章 結論 104
參考文獻 105

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