臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出具功率因數校正之無電流感測同步整流SEPIC轉換器運用於無刷直流馬達。為了達到簡化控制、提升效率之效果，本系統前級製作一無電流感測之同步整流SEPIC轉換器。該電路利用輸入電壓與輸出電壓之比值關係，直接求出同步整流開關的導通時間無須再透過電流感測元件偵測，藉此關係製作一無電流感測之同步整流SEPIC轉換器，省下偵測輸出電流再將其轉成控制訊號所耗費的成本。此外為了不使切換開關與同步整流開關導通時機重疊造成短路現象，計算切換開關上Coss的充電時間再透過數位晶片內置的暫存器，位移正確的角度使同步整流開關導通。一般類比方式之無電流感測同步整流功能需要透過RC元件的雙斜率積分方式，作為估算電感上升與下降時間。但在功率因數校正之應用上，因為輸入電壓為弦波使得原先設定好的RC元件會無法完整作出正確響應，然而數位晶片在製作此功能時，回授回來的值可透過數位計算處理，故不會有此問題發生。
將前級控制訊號整合至馬達控制晶片中，除了可省去類比控制晶片的成本同時簡化控制電路的複雜度。而為了提升整體馬達運轉範圍，並考量在不增加馬達開關上的電壓應力，除了原先已使用的脈寬調變(Pulse Width Modulation)控制法調整馬達轉速外，另外更運用現有SEPIC硬體架構可升降壓之特性在不增加成本的情況下擴充為脈幅調變(Pulse Amplitude Modulation)控制使馬達可運轉範圍更寬廣，從原先的5500-10000 rpm 擴充到2500-10000 rpm。當馬達達到5500 rpm以上時，馬達上跨壓將維持在165 V並令本系統調整為PWM模式由馬達驅動電路下橋開關進行責任週期調變以達到調速效果。反之倘若低於5500 rpm後，則可令系統自動調整為PAM模式並從165 V開始向下調整而此時馬達驅動電路下橋開關之責任週期為固定狀態。預設的最低轉速為2500 rpm，此時馬達上跨壓為70 V。本文中之控制採用德州儀器的TMS32028335晶片，模擬撰寫於一般MCU時的情況。

This thesis presented a current-sensorless synchronous rectification PFC SEPIC converter applying to the brushless DC motors. To simplify control and improve efficiency, a PFC SEPIC converter with no current sensor but with synchronous rectification is proposed. Through the relationship of the input voltage and output voltage, the duty ratio of the synchronous rectifier switch can be calculated without any current sensing elements and cost can be reduced. In order to avoid the conduction time overlap of the main switch and the synchronous rectifier switch, the charging time causing by the parasitic capacitor of the switch has to be estimated. After calculation, a register of digital-control-chip was set and the signal is outputted correctly at the right timing. In general, the analog control chip used dual-slope integrator including RC elements to estimate the rise time and fall time to implement a current-sensorless synchronous rectification SEPIC converter. However, the analog control circuit applied to the power factor correction topology might not be able to respond correctly with the default RC elements. Digital control chip could solve this response problem.
There are two advantages which were saving the analog-control-chip and simplifying the topology of the control circuit when the control of the front stage converter and control of the end stage BLDC motor were combined in the same digital-control-chip. Two modulation control methods "PWM" (Pulse Width Modulation) and "PAM" (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) were used in the motor control. When the speed was between 5500 and 10000 rpm, the digital-control-chip would set automatically into "constant voltage mode", which applying PWM method and VO is kept at 165V. On the other side, when the speed was between 2500 and 5500 rpm, the digital-control-chip would set automatically into "constant duty mode", which applying PAM method and VO is kept between 70 and 165V. The interface of control was DSP TMS32028335 of Texas Instruments.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與目的 1
1.2 功率因數校正介紹[15] 2
1.2.1 功率因數推導 3
1.2.2 國際對功因校正之相關規範[16] 5
1.2.3 功率因數修正控制 6
1.3 柔性切換介紹 11
1.3.1 柔性技術種類[21]、[22] 12
1.4 同步整流介紹 15
1.4.1 同步整流驅動原理[23]、[24] 15
1.5 脈寬調變與脈幅調變介紹 17
1.6 文獻回顧 19
1.7 內容大綱 20
第二章 具功率因數校正無電流感測同步整流SEPIC轉換器 21
2.1 SEPIC轉換器比較 21
2.2 新型轉換器介紹 25
2.3 SEPIC轉換器推導 27
2.3.1 SEPIC轉換器模式分析與高功因驗證 27
2.3.2 SEPIC轉換器電路之穩態分析 37
2.3.3 具無電流感測同步整流SEPIC轉換器穩態分析 38
2.4 電路的元件設計 41
2.4.1 責任週期 43
2.4.2 電感L1、L2 44
2.4.3 電容C1、CO值 44
2.5 計算電路元件值 46
第三章 單相無刷直流馬達與DSP處理器介紹 49
3.1 無刷直流馬達介紹 49
3.2 無刷直流馬達之構造與應用 50
3.2.1 轉子與定子結構 50
3.2.2 非對稱定子結構[36]、[37] 51
3.2.3 無刷直流馬達數學模型 52
3.3 外部驅動電路 54
3.3.1 全橋換流器及其動作原理 54
3.3.2 換向原理 59
3.4 數控訊號處理器TMS32028335 62
3.5 以數位方式實現控制器 63
第四章 模擬與實驗波形 68
第五章 結論與未來建議 82
5.1 結論 82
5.2 未來建議 83
參考文獻 84
作者簡介 88

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