臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在面臨全球產業國際化、資訊化的趨勢下，各企業已無法依照過去孤軍奮戰、個體經營的方式來達成企業目標，唯有企業間的策略聯盟、協同合作且採取組織性、系統性的供應鏈對供應鏈的競爭模式，才是企業雙贏的不二法門。因此，供應鏈管理活動已是進入全球市場的基本要求，達到彼此競爭又合作的共謀共存策略，甚至跨產業，垂直及水平整合與合作方式，才有助於競爭力的提升。
本研究擬將供應鏈上供應商與零售商合作狀態分為四個層面：（1）各自獨立，（2）供應商主控，而零售商配合之合作，（3）零售商主控，供應商配合之合作，以及（4）供應商與零售商平等下合作，將藉由供應商與零售商之存貨管理進行分析討論，藉以尋找其彼此最佳訂購量，再訂購點，訂購次數及生產次數，以達到雙方獲利最佳之選擇。
因此，唯有有效的資訊分享和全面的供應鏈實踐才可達到好的供應鏈表現。秉持該理論，進行建立一個有效率、準確的成本模式，透過賽局理論進行決策，再以敏感度分析與田口方法進行討論。由本研究之結果可供企業界在面臨不同層面之合作選擇其適當且具周延性之參考決策。
最後，在本研究中發現，在供應商與零售商平等下合作其成本皆優於其他三種情境，且透過存貨資訊之分享可快速且低價完成訂貨程序，縮短前置時間以降低批量大小(Cachon & Fisher, 2000)，但平等下合作為一較理想化情境，因此供應鏈上之企業廠商，因評估衡量本身及上下游關係，選擇其適當模式，並進一步朝向平等合作邁進。在雙方平等下合作，為供應鏈成員之最佳共同目標。

Confronted by the globalization and information explosion, various enterprises have been unable to follow the past business model and to operate single-handedly for achieving their business goals. Strategy alliance and collaboration between members are the best business models for win-win situation in the supply chain. No matter the collaboration way is cross industries, vertical, or horizontal, and supply chain management can promote overall competitiveness of members in the supply chain. Therefore, supply chain management already becomes the basic capability of enterprises to compete in the global market.
This research described four main relationships between the suppliers and retailers in the supply chain: (1) respective independence, (2) supplier domination during negotiations with a retailer, (3) retailer domination during negotiation with a supplier, and (4) collaboration. According to inventory management of the suppliers and the retailers, we decide the optimal order quantity, reorder point, order frequency and production frequency to support the best choice for achieving win-win situation.
Consequently, the effective information share and the comprehensive supply chain practice accomplish the best performance of supply chain. Base on this idea, we proposed an effective and accurate cost model and consider the decision through game theory. Lastly, we also employed sensitivity analysis and Taguchi method to discuss these conditions. When the enterprises face different collaboration ways, they can make the best decisions through the results of this research.
Eventually, we explored the operation cost in collaboration situation is less than other three kinds of situations. The inventory information sharing can provide a faster and cheaper processing, which lead to shorter lead times and smaller batch sizes (Cachon & Fisher, 2,000). Hence, the collaboration is an ideal relationship between retailers and suppliers. The enterprises in the supply chain should consider oneself and the relation of up-down stream firms to select appropriate model. Further, the enterprises can realize the collaboration relationship for promoting their profits and reducing their total costs.

摘要 iii
Abstract iv
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第 1 章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
1.4 研究大綱 4
第 2 章 文獻探討 5
2.1 供應鏈管理 5
2.2 存貨管理 6
2.3 資訊分享 8
2.4 賽局理論 8
2.5 敏感度分析 10
2.6 田口方法 11
第 3 章 研究主題 13
3.1 研究方法 13
3.1.1 假設 13
3.1.2 符號 13
3.1.3 研究情境之分類 14
3.1.4 供應商之成本函數 15
3.1.5 零售商之成本函數 15
3.2 供應商與零售商各自獨立模式 16
3.2.1 供應商方面 16
3.2.2 零售商方面 17
3.3 供應商主控，而零售商配合下之合作 19
3.4 零售商主控，而供應商配合下之合作 20
3.5 供應商與零售商平等下合作 24
第 4 章 敏感度分析 32
4.1 單一因子分析 32
4.1.1 供應商成本方面 33
4.1.2 零售商成本方面 45
4.1.3 供應商與零售商共同成本方面 57
4.1.4 單一因子分析小結 69
4.2 綜合因子分析 70
4.2.1 供應商與零售商各自獨立 70
4.2.2 供應商主控，而零售商配合下之合作 75
4.2.3 零售商主控，而供應商配合下之合作 79
4.2.4 供應商與零售商平等下合作 91
4.2.5 綜合因子分析小結 101
4.3 敏感度分析小結 102
第 5 章 結論與建議 103
5.1 結論 103
5.2 未來研究方向及建議 105
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