臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2205雙相不銹鋼為一種具備肥粒鐵系不銹鋼的高強度、高抗應力腐蝕能力，以及沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼的高延展性、均勻腐蝕性能力的材料。本研究目的在探討2205雙相不銹鋼在不同熱處理溫度：800℃、850℃、900℃、950℃，以及不同冷卻速率：空冷、水冷，其雙相組織與破壞韌性KIC的關係，也將經由其他的機械性質試驗，如衝擊、拉伸及微硬度試驗來與顯微織構相互印證。
研究結果顯示出，利用影像分析儀針對兩相做相定量分析的結果得知，γ相的含量隨著退火溫度的上升而減少，呈遞減狀態；相反地，α相則是呈遞增狀態，而此結論與鐵-鎳-鉻三元相圖符合。在顯微組織方面，當退火溫度較低(800℃、850℃)時，硬脆的σ相以薄狀析出在α/γ界面析出，含量多；反之當溫度較高(900℃、950℃)時，σ相以顆粒狀析出，析出量則較低，並且空冷冷卻的量比水冷來的多。本研究亦發現其他析出物產生，如:χ相、M23C6等。
在機械性質方面，與硬脆的σ相有著較密切的關係。σ相含量較多的空冷之強度較佳，但其延性和韌性皆不如含量較少水冷來的好，¬而且σ相含量低的高溫退火之延性和韌性比低溫退火還要好。除了退火溫度800℃空冷冷卻的試片之KQ值(應力強度因子)等於KIC值(平面應變破壞韌性)外，其餘退火溫度試片之KQ值皆不等於KIC值，並且退火溫度溫度800℃空冷試片擁有高KQ值約1270N/mm1.5。破壞韌性試片之條紋狀破斷面走向與雙相的島狀組織呈現平行狀態，亦即破壞韌性試片之晶粒方向與取樣方向有密切關係，裂縫會著延著α/γ柱狀型晶界面大面積前進，而不是以穿晶破裂方式前進。

This study investigated the effect of heat treatment temperature, range form 800 – 950oC, and cooling rate on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness.
It was found that volume fraction of γ phase decreased with increasing annealing temperature. On the contrary, volume fraction of α phase increased with increasing annealing temperature. As annealing below 850 oC, more hard thin plate σ phase precipitated along α/γ interface. However, a little granular σ phase precipitated during annealing at temperature higher than 900 oC. After annealing, specimen in air cooling precipitated more quantity of σ phase than the specimen in water cooling. It also found that χ phase and M23C6 carbide during annealing.
The amount of σ phase had great influence on the mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel. The specimen in air cooling had higher strength than the specimen in water cooling. Conversely, the specimen in air cooling had poor ductility than the specimen in water cooling. Furthermore, specimen annealed at high temperature had lower strength than the specimen annealed at low temperature. However, specimen annealed at high temperature had better ductility than the specimen annealed at low temperature. Specimen annealed at 800oC meets the plane strain fracture toughness condition. Its fracture toughness is 1270N/mm1.5. The rest of the specimens annealing at temperature higher than 850 oC didn’t meet the the plane strain fracture toughness condition due to larger pre-crack stress intensity factor. The specimen orientation also affects the crack propagation during testing. In this study, crack propagated vertical to the α/γ fiber structure.

中文摘要...................................................................................................................... i
英文摘要...................................................................................................................... ii
誌謝.............................................................................................................................. iii
目錄.............................................................................................................................. iv
表目錄.......................................................................................................................... vi
圖目錄.......................................................................................................................... vii
一、 緒論...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 前言....................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 2205雙相不銹鋼之理論背景.............................................................................. 1
1.2.1 雙相不銹鋼簡史.................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 合金成分對雙相不銹鋼的影響........................................................... 2
1.2.3 析出相對雙相不銹鋼的影響............................................................... 3
1.2.4 顯微結構對雙相不銹鋼的影響........................................................... 4
1.3 線性彈性破壞力學的理論與應用.................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Griffith 提出的破壞準則...................................................................... 5
1.3.2 應力強度因子......................................................................................... 5
1.3.3 厚度對KC值的影響............................................................................... 7
1.3.4 破壞韌性的應用.................................................................................... 8
1.4 2205雙相不銹鋼之國內外研究概況................................................................. 8
1.5 研究動機與目的.................................................................................................. 9
1.6 本論文將探討的課題......................................................................................... 10
二、 實驗方法............................................................................................................. 17
2.1 合金成份............................................................................................................... 17
2.2 實驗流程.............................................................................................................. 17
2.2.1 鋼胚.......................................................................................................... 17
2.2.2 固溶熱處理............................................................................................. 17
2.2.3 拉伸試驗................................................................................................. 17
2.2.4 衝擊試驗................................................................................................. 18
2.2.5 破壞韌性KIC試驗................................................................................... 19
2.2.6 微硬度測試............................................................................................. 20
2.2.7 金相觀察................................................................................................. 20
2.2.8 兩相含量之定量分析實驗................................................................... 21
2.2.9 X光繞射儀分析(X-ray diffractometer)................................................. 21
2.2.10 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope)觀察.................... 21
2.2.11 穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope)觀察............. 21
三、 顯微組織對破壞韌性影響之結果與討論...................................................... 29
3.1 微觀組織.............................................................................................................. 29
3.1.1 金相及SEM顯微組織觀察................................................................... 29
3.1.2 TEM顯為組織觀察................................................................................ 29
3.2 機械性質.............................................................................................................. 30
3.2.1 拉伸試驗結果......................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 衝擊試驗結果......................................................................................... 31
3.2.3 破壞韌性試驗結果................................................................................ 31
第四章 總結論........................................................................................................... 69
第五章 未來研究方向.............................................................................................. 70
參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 71
作者簡歷...................................................................................................................... 75

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