臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)法及自組裝技術來製備奈米粒子單分子層薄膜，並將其應用在超疏水表面的製作。在LB沉積法中，本研究使用十八烷胺(ODA)、十八烷硫醇(ODT)或混合ODA/ODT作為Langmuir單分子層模板，藉由單分子層與奈米粒子間及乙醇添加的不穩定效應將分散於水溶液中的金奈米粒子(AuNPs)吸附至氣/液界面，氣/液界面上的單分子層分子除了扮演吸附模板外，同時扮演被吸附AuNPs的疏水改質劑，使AuNPs能穩定的存在氣/液界面上。本研究藉由單分子層的表面壓-面積等溫曲線，鬆弛曲線，遲滯曲線的分析，以及穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission electron microscope, TEM)及布魯斯特角顯微鏡(Brewster angle microscope, BAM)的觀察，來了解奈米粒子混合單分子層在氣/液界面上的行為及薄膜表面型態的變化。
在ODA/AuNPs及ODT/AuNPs系統的探討中發現，ODA和金粒子間具有靜電作用力。因此，ODA單分子層對金粒子的吸附能力遠大於ODT分子。吸附於氣/液界面上的AuNPs，由於ODA或ODT分子的修飾，增進AuNPs間的凡得瓦作用力，有助於AuNPs自組裝成整齊結構。在適當ODA單分子層密度及乙醇濃度控制下，配合單分子層的壓縮，可以製備出緊密整齊排列的金奈米粒子薄膜。實驗結果亦顯示，過高的ODA單分子層密度，會增加自由ODA分子在界面上的比例，而阻礙粒子間的結合，影響緊密粒子薄膜的形成。乙醇的添加是製備排列緊密單分子層的關鍵條件，乙醇存在可以增加粒子在界面上的吸附量之外，亦可以改變ODA單分子層的特性，使其形成擴張型的單分子層，有助於氣/液界面上奈米粒子合併為緊密的粒子薄膜。
在ODA/ODT混合單分子層的使用，主要利用ODA對奈米粒子的靜電作用力來吸附AuNPs，再藉由ODT對金的特定親和力來改質AuNPs表面，提升金粒子疏水程度，以增加粒子凡得瓦作用力，此有助於AuNPs自組裝形成整齊結構。並由鬆弛曲線證實，ODA/ODT混合系統的使用，可有效改善金粒子在氣/液界面上的穩定性，較易得到排列緊密的粒子薄膜。
本研究將粒子薄膜應用至超疏水表面，使用Langmuir- Blodgett (LB)沉積及靜電逐層組裝技術(ELBL)，在玻璃基板上組裝微米級結構的二氧化矽粒子薄膜，並再以靜電逐層組裝技術(ELBL)披覆上奈米級的二氧化矽粒子，製備出結構類似於Raspberry的階層式粒子薄膜，最後藉由長碳鏈矽烷作疏水化表面改質，得到超疏水性粒子薄膜。利用掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning electron microscope, SEM)及動態接觸角(Dynamic Contact Angle, DCA)，來瞭解薄膜表面型態及潤濕性。結果顯示：利用靜電組裝技術所得到不規則的Raspberry-like的微/奈階層式粒子，可得到169o前進接觸角，而遲滯角度少於5o的超疏水性粒子薄膜。

Nanoparticulate monolayers were prepared by using Langmuir-Blodgett and self-assembly techniques and used for superhydrophobic surface application. Langmuir monolayers of octadecylamine (ODA), octadecylthiol (ODT), and mixed ODA/ODT at air/liquid interface were used as template layers to adsorb gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) dispersed in the subphase. Furthermore, the adsorption of AuNPs was also enhanced by the destabilization effect of ethanol introduced into the colloidal solution. The monolayer not only acts as a template layer to incorporate AuNPs but also as a capping agent to in-situ modify the adsorbed NPs, providing van der Waals interaction among NPs for self-organization into ordered domains. The behaviors of the monolayers were studied using the pressure-area (π-A) isotherms, hysteresis and relaxation curves, and the observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brewster angle microscope (BAM).
For the ODA/AuNPs and ODT/AuNPs systems, the results indicated that ODA monolayer has a much higher ability, than the ODT monolayer, in incorporation AuNPs, attributed to the electrostatic interaction between ODA and AuNPs. By using ODA monolayer with appropriate molecular density, as well as the adjusting of the ethanol concentration, a close-packed particulate film of AuNPs can be prepared through the monolayer compression. The results also show that over loading of the ODA molecules increases the fractional ratio of free ODA molecules at the interface which obstructs the coalescence of particulate domains and, therefore, a close-packed particulate monolayer cannot be approached. The presence of ethanol in the subphase not only enhances the particle adsorption to the interface but also triggers a more expanded ODA monolayer, which plays a key role in preparing a close-packed particulate monolayer.
For the mixed ODA/ODT systems, the incorporation of AuNPs was mainly performed by ODA molecules through the electrostatic interaction, while the specific affinity of ODT molecules to the AuNPs plays a role to increase the density of capping agents on an AuNPs, leading to a higher van der Waal interaction among NPs for self-organization into ordered domains. The experimental results showed that the utilization of the mixed ODA/ODT monolayer can improve the stability of AuNPs incorporated at the air/liquid interface and is helpful to the formation of an AuNPs particulate film with close-packed and ordered structure.
For the application of particulate thin films on surperhydrophobic surface, a micro/nano dual-scale particulate film with raspberry-like morphology was prepared by using LB deposition and electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) technique. Micro-size silica particles were used to prepare a surface with microscale roughness. Nano-size silica particles were then assembled on the particulate film to construct a finer structure on top of the coarse one. The as-deposited particulate films were surface-modified with alkylsilane to render a surface with surperhydropboic property. The advancing and receding contact angles of water on the dual-size structured surface were 169o and 165o, respectively. The scale ratio of the micro/nano surface structure and the regularity of the particulate films on the superhydrophobic surface performance are discussed.

摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 VI
目錄 VII
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XIV
符號說明 XXVII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機及目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 Langmuir-Blodgett簡介 4
2-1-1 Langmuir-Blodgett發展歷史回顧 4
2-1-2 Langmuir-Blodgett單分子層性質 4
2-1-3 Langmuir-Blodgett之形式 16
2-1-4 Langmuir-Blodgett混合膜之熱力學理論分析 19
2-2 奈米粒子簡介 20
2-2-1 金粒子合成方法 20
2-2-2 二氧化矽粒子合成方法 22
2-2-3 奈米粒子組裝方法 23
2-3 超疏水表面的簡介 35
2-3-1 超疏水自潔表面 35
2-3-2 超疏水理論 36
2-3-2-1 Wenzel 理論 38
2-3-2-2 Cassie and Baxter 理論 39
2-3-2-3 Johnson and Dettre 理論 40
2-3-2-4 接觸角遲滯 41
2-3-3 超疏水表面製備方法 49
2-3-3-1 先創造粗糙結構的表面然後再疏水改質 49
2-3-3-2 在疏水材料表面創造粗糙結構 52
2-3-3-3 創造具有低液/固接觸面積階層式規則結構表面 52
2-3-4 表面疏水改質 54
第三章 實驗方法及步驟 57
3-1 實驗藥品 57
3-2 實驗儀器及裝置 58
3-2-1 Langmuir-Boldgett沉積裝置 58
3-2-2 表面壓測量原理 58
3-2-3 布魯斯特角顯微鏡 59
3-2-3-1 介紹 59
3-2-3-2 原理 61
3-2-4 雷射光散射法粒徑測定儀 63
3-2-5 掃描式電子顯微鏡 63
3-2-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡 64
3-2-7 原子力顯微鏡 65
3-2-8 動態接觸角分析儀 66
3-3 金奈米粒子在氣/液界面上組裝步驟 72
3-3-1 組裝流程 72
3-3-2 金奈米粒子合成 73
3-3-3 金奈米粒子等溫線、鬆弛曲線及遲滯曲線量測 73
3-3-4 穿透式電子顯微鏡分析 74
3-3-5 布魯斯特角顯微鏡分析 75
3-4 Raspberry-like階層式結構粒子薄膜的組裝步驟 78
3-4-1 製備流程 78
3-4-2 微米二氧化矽粒子組裝 79
3-4-3 Raspberry-like微/奈階層式結構粒子薄膜組裝 80
3-4-4 Raspberry-like粒子薄膜疏水改質 80
第四章 ODA單分子層對金奈米粒子在氣/液界面組裝的應用 81
4-1 ODA單分子層在氣/液界面上行為的探討 81
4-1-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 81
4-1-2 BAM影像觀察 82
4-2 ODA/奈米金粒子混合單分子層在氣/液界面上行為探討 85
4-2-1 吸附時間之影響 85
4-2-1-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 85
4-2-1-2 TEM影像分析 87
4-2-1-3 BAM影像觀察 87
4-2-1-4 鬆弛行為的探討 88
4-2-2 奈米粒子濃度之影響 98
4-2-2-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 98
4-2-2-2 TEM影像觀察 99
4-2-3 單分子層界面濃度之影響 105
4-2-3-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 105
4-2-3-2 TEM影像分析 106
4-2-3-3 鬆弛行為 108
4-2-3-4 遲滯現象 108
4-3 乙醇對金奈米粒子的吸附及ODA/金奈米粒子單分子層特性的探討 121
4-3-1 乙醇濃度之影響 121
4-3-1-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 121
4-3-1-2 TEM影像分析 123
4-3-1-3 BAM影像觀察 124
4-3-1-4鬆弛行為 126
4-3-1-5遲滯現象 126
4-3-2 單分子層界面濃度之影響 141
4-3-2-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 141
4-3-2-2 TEM影像分析 142
4-3-2-3 理論模式 144
4-3-2-4 鬆弛行為 144
4-3-2-5 遲滯現象 145
第五章 ODT及ODA/ODT單分子層對金奈米粒子在氣/液界面組裝的應用 158
5-1 ODT單分子層在氣/液界面上行為的探討 158
5-1-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 158
5-1-2 BAM影像觀察 159
5-2 乙醇對金奈米粒子的吸附及ODT/金奈米粒子單分子層特性的探討 162
5-2-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 162
5-2-2 TEM 影像分析 162
5-2-3 BAM 影像觀察 163
5-3 ODA/ODT混合單分子層在氣/液界面上行為的探討 169
5-3-1表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 169
5-3-2熱力學之分析 170
5-3-3 BAM影像觀察 171
5-3-4鬆弛行為 173
5-4 ODA/ODT/奈米金粒子混合單分子層在氣/液界面上行為探討 180
5-4-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 180
5-4-2 TEM影像觀察 181
5-4-3 BAM影像觀察 182
5-4-4 理論模式 184
5-4-5 鬆弛行為 185
5-5 乙醇對金奈米粒子的吸附及ODA/ODT/金奈米粒子單分子層特性的探討 198
5-5-1 表面壓-每分子佔據面積等溫線 198
5-5-2 TEM影像分析 199
5-5-3 BAM影像觀察 200
5-5-4 理論模式 201
5-5-5 鬆弛行為 202
第六章 以LB及ELBL沉積技術製備Raspberry-like階層式結構超疏水粒子薄膜 212
6-1 微米單層次結構二氧化矽粒子薄膜製備 212
6-1-1 二氧化矽粒子LB膜性質 212
6-1-1-1 二氧化矽粒子薄膜表面壓-佔據面積等溫線 212
6-1-1-2 鬆弛行為的探討 213
6-1-2 沉積層數對薄膜疏水特性之影響 213
6-1-2-1 SEM顯微鏡觀察 213
6-1-2-2 表面潤濕度之分析 214
6-2 微/奈米階層式結構二氧化矽粒子薄膜的製備 220
6-2-1 微米層數對階層式粒子薄膜疏水特性之影響 220
6-2-1-1 SEM顯微鏡觀察 220
6-2-1-2 表面潤濕度及粗糙度之分析 221
6-2-2 奈米粒子尺寸對階層式粒子薄膜膜疏水特性之影響 227
6-2-2-1 SEM顯微鏡觀察 227
6-2-2-2表面潤濕度之分析 228
第七章 結論與建議 233
參考文獻 237
自述 251
著作目錄 251

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