臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

都市固體廢物焚燒（垃圾焚燒）是最廣泛接受的廢物處理技術之一。然而，盡管它的優點，这個過程會產生许多種灰廢物，如果管理不當會增加環境污染。經過多年，它已成為普遍接受的，儘管化學術据不允許毒性作用的評價。其中的原因，植物的生物测定獲得更多的重视，因为它們價格低廉，在許多情况下，更比其他现有的系统的敏感。垃圾焚燒底部灰廢水（處理和未經處理）兩種濃度（50％和100％）用於蕹菜（空心菜）和兩個Oriza水稻（大米）的品種，品種和品種139的發芽和根伸長試驗。此外，蕹菜，水培種植，以垃圾焚烧底灰废水栽植。水種植空心菜顯示的结果表明，50％未經處理的廢水在急性毒性（植物在不到24小时内死亡）。低劑量的兩種類型的廢水（3和6％）的使用提出了比對照無顯著差異。介于21至30％，空心菜和7日至35％，水稻種子萌發的抑制作用。蕹菜和水稻品種139根長度只有通過使用100％未經處理的廢水的抑制，其餘的治療，促進根的長度。在水稻品種的9根長度為抑制處理和未經處理的廢水（16％）。總體而言，使用100％的測試，為種子發芽和根伸長處理和未經處理的廢水（trt100和unt100）是最適合這兩個物種的毒性。從兩者的生物测定的结果维持;生物檢測可有效地用於補充物理和化學分析，以評估污水毒性。進一步處理廢水物理（過濾）或化學手段，以减少不僅溶解溶質的内容，而且也降低廢水的pH值和鹽分含量。必须特别注意的地方積聚在活的有機体，越来越附近的垃圾焚燒設施或植物，這些植物的污水灌溉，重金屬（如鍶，銅，錫）。

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is one of the most widely accepted technologies for waste disposal. However, in spite of its advantages, this process generates many kind of ash wastes, which if managed improperly can increase environmental pollution. Through the years it has become generally accepted that, chemical data alone do not allow evaluation of toxic effects. Reason for which, plant bioassays are gaining more importance, since they are inexpensive and in many cases more sensitive than other available systems. Two concentrations (50 and 100%) of MSWI bottom-ash wastewater (treated and untreated) were used for germination and root elongation tests of Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach) and two Oriza sativa (rice) varieties, Variety 9 and Variety 139. In addition, water spinach was hydroponically grown in order to asses the MSWI bottom-ash wastewater. Results for hydroponically grown water spinach show that 50% of untreated wastewater resulted in acute toxicity (plants died within less than 24 hours). Uses of lower doses (3 and 6%) of both types of wastewater presented no significant difference when compared to the control. Seed germination inhibition ranged from 21 to 30% in water spinach and from 7 to 35% in rice. Root length in water spinach and in rice Variety 139 was only inhibited by the use of 100% untreated wastewater, the rest of the treatments promoted root length. Root length in rice Variety 9 was inhibited by both treated and untreated wastewater (16% reduction). Overall, for seed germination and root elongation tests the use of 100% treated and untreated wastewater (trt100 and unt100) were the most toxic for both species. Results from both bioassays sustain that; biological assays can be effectively used to complement physical and chemical analysis in order to asses wastewater effluent toxicity. Further treat the wastewater by physical (filtration) or chemical means in order to reduce not only the dissolve solute content but also to lower the pH and the salt content of the wastewater. Special attention must be place to the accumulation of heavy metals (e.g., Sr, Cu, Sn) in living organism that grow near MSWI facilities or plants that are irrigated with MSWI wastewater effluents.

Abstract (Chinese) …………………………………………………………... I
Abstract (English) ……………………………………………………….......III
Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………...V
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………..VII
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………......IX
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………......X

1. Introduction.……………………………………………………………... 1
1.1The Challenge of Water 1
1.2 Wastewater for Irrigation: Reuse and Risks 2
1.3 Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) 5
1.4 Recycling of MSWI Bottom Ash 8
1.5 Objectives 11
2. Literature Review 12
2.1 Ecotoxicity Assays 12
2.2 Seed Germination and Root Elongation Bioassays 14
3. Materials and Methods 21
3.3 Establishment of the Hydroponic System 24
3.4 Biomass Analysis (Growth Measurement) 27
3.5 Chlorophyll Index (SPAD Value) 27
3.6 Accumulation of Trace Element in Plant Tissue 27
3.7 Experimental Design and Data Analysis 28
4. Results and Discussion 29
4.3 Rice Seed Germination and Root Elongation Assay 36
4.5.2 Water Spinach Shoot 48
4.5.4 Water Spinach Total Biomass 50
4.5.5 Water Spinach SPAD Value Index 53
4.5.6 Accumulation of Trace Element in Plant Tissue 54
5. Conclusion 57
6. References 59

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